[79] Avesta, Die heiligen Schriften der Parsen, by Dr. F. Spiegel, vol. i. p. 8. Leipzig: Engelmann. [80] Haug, Essay on the Religion of the Parsees, p. 282. London: Trübner & Co. [81] Vendidad, by Dr. Spiegel, vol. i. p. 207. [82] Vendidad, vol. i. p. 253. See also vol. iii. p. xlix.: “Die Daevas Kunda, Banga und Vibanga als Gegner des Craosha, es sind die Dämonen der Trunkenheit.” [83] And judging from the Zend-Avesta, to other gross forms of immorality. [84] Born at Halicarnassus, B.C. 484. [85] Herodotus, i. 133. [86] Ibid., i. 126. [87] Ibid., i. 212. [88] Ibid., iii. 20-22. [89] Sale’s Koran, p. 84. F. Warne & Co. “Lots, and images, and divining arrows” are explained to mean “all inebriating liquors and games of chance.” See also sec. v. and chap. ii. p. 23, where it is said that “in lots and wine there is great sin.” [90] Sale’s Koran, p. 199. [91] Ibid., pp. 95, 96. Also the present chapter and the chapter on the Egyptians; also Morewood, p. 721, table, from which it will be seen that there were imported into Turkey between the years 1827 and 1834 inclusive, 229,460 gallons of spirits, besides wines, beer, and ale, and that 11,272 gallons of wine were exported from Turkey during the same period. [92] Morewood, pp. 85-89. [93] Allgemeine Culturwissenschaft, by Dr. G. Klemm, vol. ii. pp. 338, 339. Leipzig: Romberg. [94] Fraser’s Persia, p. 332. Oliver & Boyd. [95] Through Persia by Caravan, by Arthur Arnold, vol. ii. p. 322. Tinsley. See also Klemm’s Culturwissenschaft, p. 323: “Man geniesst den Wein vornehmlich gern des Abends,” he says of all Moslems. [96] Ibid., vol. ii. p. 20. [97] Ibid., vol. i. p. 283. [98] Max Müller’s Chips from a German Workshop, vol. i. p. 161. [99] The Parsees, by Dosabhoy Framjee. Smith, Elder, & Co. [100] Smith’s Dictionary of the Bible, Art. “Wine.” [101] Scripture Testimony against Intoxicating Wine, by Rev. W. Ritchie, D.D., p. 224, and elsewhere, Houlston & Wright; and “The Basis of Temperance Reform,” by Rev. D. Burns, chap. v., Pitman; and “Bacchus Dethroned,” by F. Powell, chap. vii. Kempster. [102] Smith’s Dictionary of the Bible, Art. “Wine.” [103] Scripture Testimony against Intoxicating Wine, p. 68. [104] Scripture Testimony against Intoxicating Wine, p. 65. [105] Exod. xxix. 40, 41; Lev. xxiii. 13; Judges ix. 12, 13: “Then said the trees unto the vine, Come thou and reign over us. And the vine said unto them, Should I leave my wine, _which cheereth God and man_, and go to be promoted over the trees?” [106] The Talmud, by H. Polano, pp. 349, 355. F. Warne. [107] The Mishna, De Sola and Raphael, pp. 7-9. The author has to thank the Rev. M. Joseph of Liverpool for some of these references. [108] Babylonian Talmud, Treatise _Berachot_, fol. 35 a. [109] The Mishna, De Sola and Raphael, p. 48. [110] Lev. x. 9. [111] Num. vi. 3, 20. [112] Jer. xxxv. 7. [113] Smith’s Dictionary of the Bible, Art. “Wine;” also note at end of chapter i. of this treatise.