Abbott, F. F. _Society and Politics in Ancient Rome_. * Adams, G. B. _Civilization during the Middle Ages_. Anderson, L. F. "Some Facts regarding Vocational Education among the Greeks and Romans"; in _School Review_, vol. 20, pp. 191-201. * Clarke, Geo. _Education of Children at Rome_. * Dill, Sam'l. _Roman Society in the Last Century of the Western Empire_. * Laurie, S. S. _Historical Survey of Pre-Christian Education_. Mahaffy, J. P. _The Silver Age of the Greek World_. Ross, C. F. "The Strength and Weakness of Roman Education"; in _School and Society_, vol. 6, pp. 457-63. Sandys, J. E. _History of Classical Scholarship_, vol. i. Thorndike, Lynn. _History of Mediaeval Europe_. Westermann, W. L. Vocational Training in Antiquity; in _School Review_, vol. 22, pp. 601-10. CHAPTER IV THE RISE AND CONTRIBUTION OF CHRISTIANITY I. THE RISE AND VICTORY OF CHRISTIANITY RELIGIONS IN THE ROMAN WORLD. As was stated in the preceding chapter (p. 58), the Roman state religion was an outgrowth of the religion of the home. Just as there had been a number of fireside deities, who were supposed to preside over the different activities of the home, so there were many state deities who were supposed to preside over the different activities of the State. In addition, the Romans exhibited toward the religions of all other peoples that same tolerance and willingness to borrow which they exhibited in so many other matters. Certain Greek deities were taken over and temples erected to them in Rome, and new deities, to guard over such functions as health, fortune, peace, concord, sowing, reaping, etc., were established. [1] Extreme tolerance also was shown toward the special religions of other peoples who had been brought within the Empire, and certain oriental divinities had even been admitted and given their place in Rome. Like many other features of Roman life, their religion was essentially of a practical nature, dealing with the affairs of everyday life, and having little or no relation to personal morality. [2] It promised no rewards or punishments or hopes for a future life, but rather, by uniting all citizens in a common reverence and fear of certain deities, helped to unify the Empire and hold it together. After the death of Augustus (14 A.D.), the Roman Senate deified the Emperor and enrolled his name among the gods, and Emperor worship was added to their ceremonies. This naturally spread rapidly throughout the Empire, tended to unite all classes in allegiance to the central government at Rome, and seemed to form the basis for a universal religion for a universal empire.