little attention in England, though, as we shall see in the next chapter, they were tending towards open revolt. FOOTNOTES: [82] _Annual Register_, xiii. (1770), 72. [83] _Life of Shelburne_, ii., 221; Calcraft to Chatham, March 8, 1771, MS. Pitt Papers, 25. [84] _Speeches of Barre_, March 23, and Burke, April 6, 1773, _Parl. Hist._, xvii., 826, 836. [85] Calcraft to Chatham, March 12, 1770, MS. Pitt Papers, 25. [86] _Letters of H. Walpole_, v., 238-39 _n._; Mitford, _Gray and Mason Correspondence_, pp. 438-39; Stephens, _Memoirs of J. H. Tooke_, i., 157. [87] Calcraft to Chatham, June 10, 1770, MS. Pitt Papers, 25. [88] The State of the Navy, MS. Admiralty Miscell., 567, R.O. CHAPTER VII. THE QUARREL WITH AMERICA. The failure of the non-importation agreements in 1770 led Englishmen to expect a peaceable end to the quarrel with America, and the colonists were for the most part inclined to let it die out. Samuel Adams had no such inclination, and did all in his power to fan the smouldering embers of strife. For some time longer he and his friends professed loyalty, but he at least was consciously working for separation. A rising in North Carolina, called the regulators' war, because the insurgents claimed to regulate their own police affairs, was smartly quelled by the governor, Tryon, in 1771; it need not detain us, for it had no connexion with the quarrel with England. There was much lawlessness elsewhere. Mobs tyrannised over their more loyal neighbours, tarring and feathering some of those who would not comply with their demands, and using other barbarous modes of advancing the cause of liberty. In Boston the revenue officers were exposed to insult and violence. Hutchinson held the assembly of the province at Cambridge, and further disgusted his opponents by informing them that he was no longer dependent on their votes for his salary; it would thenceforward be paid by the king. The more peaceable Americans were gratified in 1772 by the appointment of the Earl of Dartmouth to succeed Hillsborough as secretary for the colonies, for Dartmouth, a pious and amiable person of no political ability, was known to be anxious for conciliation. Fresh cause of offence, however, was found in a decision of the ministers that the salaries of the Massachusetts judges should be paid by the crown instead of by the colony. This change, which was designed to render the judges independent of popular feeling, was resented as an attempt to make them subservient to the crown, for they held office during the king's pleasure. [Sidenote: _HUTCHINSON'S LETTERS._]