The history of England, from the earliest times to the Norman ConquestHodgkin, Thomas
History
The history of England, from the earliest times to the Norman Conquest
Hodgkin, Thomas
Great Britain -- History -- To 1066
The operations of the five years that followed (892–896[147]) are
described by the Chronicle in great detail and with unusual vividness
and vigour. A recent editor[148] calls the six or seven pages devoted
to these campaigns “the most remarkable piece of writing in the whole
series of chronicles”. It is allowable to conjecture that such a
narrative, if not from Alfred’s own pen, comes from some person in the
immediate neighbourhood of the king. Fresh and vivid, however, as the
narrative is, it is not easy to discover therefrom the precise sequence
of events. Different bands of Danes are seen to be operating in
different parts of the kingdom, and the difficulty which they probably
felt in combining their efforts meets also the historian who seeks to
combine their narratives. Here it will be sufficient to indicate some
of the principal stages of the contest.
The invasion of 892 seems to have been made by two bodies of Danes,
acting to some extent independently of each other. “The great army”
which had been defeated by Arnulf at Louvain, went westwards from
Flanders to Boulogne, embarked from the latter port “with horses and
all” in a fleet of 250 ships, and sailed across to the Kentish coast.
According to their usual custom they made use of a river channel to
penetrate into the interior; but the river up which they fared and
which probably entered the sea at Lymne, has long since disappeared
in that region of silted-up streams. Up the river they towed their
ships for four miles, and there they found a “work” half finished and
defended by a few rustics. Their capture of this work well illustrates
a remark of Asser’s that “of the many forts which Alfred ordered to
be built, some were never begun and others, begun too late, were not
finished when the enemy broke in upon them by land and sea,” causing
tardy repentance and shame on the part of the disobedient builders.
The Danish army then constructed for themselves a “work” at Appledore,
some twenty miles west of Hythe. The nature of these “works,” of which
we hear so much at this point of the history, is explained to us by
the Frankish chronicler who describes the Emperor Arnulf’s victory in
891, and who tells us that the Northmen “had according to their usual
manner fortified themselves with wood and heaped-up earth”.[149] The
description points to a mound crowned with a palisading, such as the
Romans had used to protect their encampments.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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