The history of England, from the earliest times to the Norman ConquestHodgkin, Thomas
History
The history of England, from the earliest times to the Norman Conquest
Hodgkin, Thomas
Great Britain -- History -- To 1066
The great general in this instance “had come and had seen” but had
not “conquered”. Most valuable, however, to us is the information
which he has given us concerning our sequestered island, though in
some cases it is evidently inaccurate. We need not linger over Cæsar’s
geographical statements, though it is curious to see how certain errors
of earlier geographers still lingered on even into the Augustan age of
Roman literature. Thus he thinks that, of the three sides of Britain’s
triangle one looks towards Gaul and the east, another towards Spain and
the west, while the third, which has no land opposite it, faces north.
Besides Ireland, which is half the size of Britain, there are other
islands, apparently on the west, concerning which certain writers have
said that they have continual night during thirty days of winter. As
to this Cæsar was not able to obtain any definite information, but his
own _clepsydræ_ (water clocks) showed him that the nights in July were
shorter in Britain than on the continent.
“Of all the natives far the most civilised are those who inhabit the
district of Kent, which is all situated on the coast: nor do these
differ greatly in their manners from the inhabitants of Gaul. Those who
live farther inland sow no corn, but live on milk and flesh, and are
clothed in skins. All the Britons however dye themselves with woad,
which gives them a blue colour and makes them look more terrible in
battle. They wear long hair and shave every part of the body except the
head and the upper lip. Ten or a dozen men have their wives in common,
especially brothers with brothers, fathers with their sons, the
woman’s offspring being reckoned to him who first cohabited with her.”
This ghastly statement is probably a mere traveller’s tale, utterly
untrue of the Celts of Britain or of any other Aryan tribe. It has been
thought that it may possibly have been derived from an institution
something like the Sclavonic _mir_, which caused all the descendants of
one married couple for two or three generations to herd together in a
single household. “The interior of Britain is inhabited by tribes which
are, according to their own tradition, aboriginal: the sea-coast by
those which for the sake of plunder have crossed over from Belgic Gaul,
and after carrying on war have settled there and begun to cultivate
the land. It is in consequence of this that nearly all of them have
the same tribal names as those of the states from which they came.
There is an infinite number of inhabitants, and one constantly meets
with buildings almost like those of Gaul, as well as a great number of
cattle.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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