The decay of marriage by purchase among civilized peoples, pp. 403-405.—Marriage by purchase transformed into a symbol, pp. 405, _et seq._—Arbitrary presents and sham sale, p. 405.—Return gift, pp. 405, _et seq._—The purchase-sum transformed into the morning gift and the dotal portion, pp. 406-408.—The decay of marriage by purchase among uncivilized races, pp. 408-410.—The marriage portion does not in every case spring from a previous purchase, p. 411.—It serves different ends, _ibid._—The marriage portion as a settlement for the wife, pp. 411-414.—The marriage portion among uncivilized races, pp. 414, _et seq._—Fathers bound by law or custom to portion their daughters, pp. 415, _et seq._—Husband purchase, p. 416. CHAPTER XIX MARRIAGE CEREMONIES AND RITES Peoples who have no marriage ceremony, pp. 417, _et seq._—The rise of marriage ceremonies, pp. 418-421.—When the mode of contracting a marriage altered, the earlier mode, from having been a reality, survived as a ceremony, p. 418.—Wedding feasts, pp. 418, _et seq._—Ceremonies symbolizing the relation between husband and wile, pp. 419-421.—Religious ceremonies connected with marriage among uncivilized nations, pp. 421-424.—Assistance of a priest, pp. 422, _et seq._—Omens and ‘lucky days,’ pp. 423, _et seq._—Religious marriage ceremonies among civilized nations, pp. 424-428.—Civil marriage, pp. 428, _et seq._—The validity of marriage, pp. 429, _et seq._ CHAPTER XX THE FORMS OF HUMAN MARRIAGE Polygyny permitted by many civilized nations and the bulk of savage tribes, pp. 431-435.—Among many savage peoples developed to an extraordinary extent, pp. 434, _et seq._—Among not a few uncivilized peoples almost unknown, or even prohibited, pp. 435-437.—Among certain peoples permitted only to the chief men, pp. 437, _et seq._—Almost everywhere confined to the smaller part of the people, pp. 438-442.—Modified in a monogamous direction through the higher position granted to one of the wives, generally the first married, pp. 443-448.—Through the preference given to the favourite wife as regards sexual intercourse, pp. 448, _et seq._—Bigamy the most common form of polygyny, p. 450.—The occurrence of polyandry, pp. 450-455.—Polyandry nowhere the exclusive form of marriage, pp. 455-457.—Modified in directions towards monogamy, pp. 457, _et seq._—The first husband the chief husband, _ibid._—Monogamy the most common form of human marriage, p. 459. CHAPTER XXI THE FORMS OF HUMAN MARRIAGE (_Continued_)