Origin of the Natives--Javans compared with the Maláyus and Búgis--Comparative Progress of the three Races--Foreign Influence--Persons of the Natives--Manners--Population--Inequality of it accounted for--Population Tables--Increase of Population--Foreign Settlers--Chinese--Búgis--Maláyus--Moors--Arabs--Slaves--Gradations of rank among the Javans--Their Habitations, Dress, and Food 62 CHAPTER III. Importance of Agriculture to Java--Soil--State of the Peasantry--Price of Rice--Subsistence of the Peasantry--Dwellings--Agricultural Stock--Implements of Farming--Seasons--Different kinds of Land--Rice Cultivation--Maize, &c.--Sugar--Coffee--Pepper--Indigo--Cotton--Tobacco--Tenure of landed Property 117 CHAPTER IV. Manufactures--Handicrafts--Bricks--Thatch--Mats--Cotton Cloths--Dyes--Tanning--Ropes--Metals--Boat and Ship-building--Paper--Salt--Saltpetre Works--Gunpowder, &c.--Felling and transporting of Teak Timber--Fisheries 182 CHAPTER V. Commerce--Advantageous Situation of Java for Commercial Intercourse--Importance of Batavia in particular--Native Trade--Roads and Inland Carriage--Markets--Influence of the Chinese--Coasting Trade--Exports and Imports--Trade with the Archipelago--China--Kamtschatka--Western India--Europe, &c.--Dutch Commercial Regulations--State of the Eastern Islands--Advantages which they possess--Causes of the Depression of the Nations and Tribes which inhabit them--Japan Trade 210 CHAPTER VI. Character of the Inhabitants of Java--Difference between the Súndas and the Javans--The Lower Orders--The Chiefs--Nature of the Native Government--Different Officers of State--Judicial Establishments and Institutions--Laws, and how administered--Police Institutions and Regulations--Military Establishments--Revenue 272 CHAPTER VII. Ceremonies of the Court--Deference paid to superior Rank--Regalia--Processions--Pomp--Rank and Titles--Ambassadors--Ceremonies attending Births, Marriages, and Funerals--Account of the People called Kálang, and of the Inhabitants of the Téng'ger Mountains--The Bedui--Festivals--Amusements--The Drama--Wáyangs--The Dance--Tournaments--The Chase--Tiger Fights--Combat of Criminals with Tigers--Bull Fights, &c.--Games of Skill and Chance--Other Customs and Usages 343 CHAPTER VIII.