The History of Lapland: Wherein Are Shewed the Original, Manners, Habits, Marriages, Conjurations, &c. of That PeopleScheffer, Johannes
History
The History of Lapland: Wherein Are Shewed the Original, Manners, Habits, Marriages, Conjurations, &c. of That People
Scheffer, Johannes
Lapland -- Description and travel -- Early works to 1800; Sami (European people)
Wherefore we must find out some better authority to confirm to us the
originall of the _Lapps_, for we may believe that the _Finlanders_
more then once march’t out into _Lapland_, which is evident from the
several names of their leaders, whom some called _Thinns-Kogre_, others
_Mieschogiesche_. The first and most ancient is that from whence the
_Biarmi_ took their originall, whom I conclude to have descended from
the _Finlanders_, from calling their Gods by _Finlandish_ names.
Besides in their nature and manners they agree with the ancient
_Finlanders_: and lastly are called by all Strangers _Scridfinni_,
i. e. _Finlanders_ going upon frozen snow, which, the ancient knowing
none else to go so, took to be the _Biarmi_. But the name of _Biarmi_
was given them by the _Finlanders_ from their going to dwell upon the
Mountains, from the word _Varama_, which signifies a hilly Country:
now because Strangers knew from the _Swedes_ they used wooden shoes
to go upon the snow, which by the _Swedes_ are called _Att Skriida_,
not knowing the name _Biarmi_, they called them _Scridfinni_: and
because the _Finlanders_ and _Biarmians_ were of the same originall,
they were often subject to the same Prince, as to _Cuso_ in King
_Holters_ time. What the occasion was of this leaving their Country
is yet doubtfull, except it was for fear of the _Swedes_, who in the
reign of King _Agnus_ invaded _Froste_ King of _Finland_, and harassed
the whole Country. The second time of deserting their Country was when
the _Russians_ enlarged their Empire as far as the lake _Ladog_. For
fearing the cruelty of these People they retired into _Lapland_: which
I am apt to beleive because the _Russians_ call them _Kienni_, as has
bin said before from their passage through _Kajania_ into _Lapland_,
which they could not have known but by their own experience; and their
wars with them, especially those of _Carelia_ and _Cajania_ being so
ignorant both in history and other Countries, that they scarce know
any thing of their own, that is of any antiquity. And this proves
what we have said of their second leaving their Country, which was
about the 6^{th} age after _Christ_: and these perhaps are they which
are simply called _Finni_ by the _Danes_, _Swedes_, and _Norwegians_,
or with the addition of _Siæ_ or _Field_, obsolete words of the
_Biarmians_, because they were more then they in number, especially
after _Harald Harfiger_ King of _Norway_, who almost destroyed all
the _Biarmi_ in battle. In the mean while the _Finlanders_ lay secure
in _Finmark_, and all the _Biarmi_ being extinct, the name of _Finni_
obtained, and the name and credit of the _Biarmi_ was quite abolish’t
and forgot. And these are all the times they left their Country before
they were called _Lappi_, for till after this they were never called
otherwise than _Finni_, _Scritofinni_, and _Biarmi_. But in after
ages we find them named _Lappones_, of whom _Adam. Bremensis_ makes
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