Next we must consider what kind of worship they pai’d their Gods, which we have already mentioned; but of this also we are in great uncertainty, unless we make our judgment from the present times, and deliver those rites which are now used by the _Laplanders_ in their religious performances, but of this we shall speak more when we come to treat of the present state of their Religion. We shall only note here what is read of _Jumala_. He was heretofore represented in the image of a man sitting upon an Altar, with a Crown on his head, adorned with twelve gems, and a golden Chain about his neck, which was formerly of the value of 300 Marks; tho whether the word in the History doth signify a chain, or may better be rendred a Jewel, ’tis uncertain; for it is said that _Charles_ lifting his Ax, cut the collar whereon it hanged: which shews that it was rather gold, artificially carved and set with jewels, which was (I suppose) the reason why _Herrodus_ doth not set down its weight, as is usual in the valuing of chains, but its price. This Jewel called _Men_ from _Mene_ the Moon whose figure it represented, was, as I imagine, tied to a collar about the neck, and hanged down upon the brest of the image, as is usual in all such ornaments at this day. But whether this were a chain or locket, it is certain the other parts of his habit were agreeable to our description of him; wherein he was not much unlike the _Swedes_ God _Thor_, as he is described in our History of _Upsal_: for he also was made sitting with a Crown on his head, adorned with stars, as _Jumala_ with jewels, each to the number of twelve, from whence I am almost perswaded that the _Biarmi_, and after them the _Laplanders_, either worshipped one God under two names, or if they were two Gods, they used their names promiscuously. For the true God, whom they knew partly by reason, and partly by tradition, was by them called _Jumala_: but after the name of _Thor_ began to be famous, they either called _Jumala_ by the name of _Thor_, or gave _Thor_ the name of _Jumala_: which I gather from hence, because at this day the _Laplanders_ attribute that to their _Thor_, which questionless formerly they did to _Jumala_, _viz._ the power and command over the inferior Gods, especially the bad and hurtful: also over the air, thunder, lightning, health, life and death of men, and such like; as shall be shewn hereafter. What his image was made of, is not known, but I suppose it was wood, because _Charles_ is said to have cut off his head with his Ax, when he only designed the cutting of the collar that held the aforesaid jewel, which he could hardly have don, had it bin either silver or gold. Besides, to prove it was wood, it was burnt to ashes, together with the Temple, and all its furniture, excepting some gold, and other precious things; with which gold particularly they did homage to their God: for the _Biarmi_ in their ceremonies to _Jumala_, did cast gold as a sacred offertory