The History of Lapland: Wherein Are Shewed the Original, Manners, Habits, Marriages, Conjurations, &c. of That PeopleScheffer, Johannes
History
The History of Lapland: Wherein Are Shewed the Original, Manners, Habits, Marriages, Conjurations, &c. of That People
Scheffer, Johannes
Lapland -- Description and travel -- Early works to 1800; Sami (European people)
and believe he bestows life on them, and preserves their health, and
that they cannot die unless it be his plesure, and drives away the
Demons, which are prejudicial to their hunting, fowling, and fishing,
and never hurts them but when their offences deserve it: therefore
he is to be worshipped in the first place. The next of the principal
Gods is _Storjunkare_, which tho it be a _Norwegian_ word, _Junkare_
in that language signifying the Governor of a Province, yet is it used
by the _Laplanders_ now; tho perhaps it was not in use till some of
them became subjects to _Norway_. Certain it is, that this is not the
only name of that God, for he is also called _Stourra Passe_ (i.e.)
_Great Saint_, as appears by a Hymn which is sung at his Sacrifices.
His name they reverence very much, and pay him frequenter, if not
greater devotion then other Gods, for they suppose him to be their
_Tiermes_ his Lieutenant, and as it were Royal Prefect, adding _Stœre_,
which signifys _greater_ for distinction sake. Now they worship
_Storejunkar_, because they think that they receive all their blessings
thro his hands, and that all beasts and Cattel, are subject to his
will, and that he governs them as _Tiermes_ doth men and spirits;
wherefore he can give them to whom he will, and none can receive them
without his pleasure. These beasts therefore supplying the _Laplanders_
with meat and clothes, it may easily be imagined how necessary they
held it to worship _Storjunkare_. And these are the two peculiar Gods
of the _Laplanders_, whereof one hath the dominion over men, the other
over beasts; one bestows life, the other all things required to the
sustaining of it. _Tornæus_ saies they report of him that he hath often
appeared to Fowlers or Fishers in the shape of a tall personable man,
habited like a Nobleman, with a Gun in his hand, and his feet like
those of a bird. As often as he appears standing on the shore, or in
the ship by them, they say he makes their fishing successful, and kills
birds that happen to fly by with his Gun, which he bestows upon those
that are present. It is reported that a _Laplander_ being to guide one
of the Kings Lieutenant, when he came over against a mountain where
_Storejunkar_ was supposed to dwell, he stood still, and setting the
helve of his Ax down upon the Ice, turned it round, professing that he
did it in honor of their munificent God, who dwelt there. And tho there
is mention made but of one mountain where the _Laplander_ performed
this ceremony, yet we may suppose he would have don it oftner, if there
had happened to be more hills in the way. But perhaps this distinction
of name is used by the _Laplanders_ which border upon _Norway_,
especially in _Lulalapland_, from his habit and clothing; and because
he used to appear in another dress to them of _Lapponia Kiemensis_ and
_Tornensis_, therefore they did not worship him under that name, but by
the common appellation of _Seita_, from whom they believed that they
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