THE HISTORY OF MODERN PAINTING [Illustration: ADOLF VON MENZEL. RESTAURANT AT THE PARIS EXHIBITION 1867.] THE HISTORY OF MODERN PAINTING BY RICHARD MUTHER PROFESSOR OF ART HISTORY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BRESLAU IN FOUR VOLUMES [Illustration] VOLUME THREE REVISED EDITION CONTINUED BY THE AUTHOR TO THE END OF THE XIX CENTURY LONDON: PUBLISHED BY J. M. DENT & CO. NEW YORK: E. P. DUTTON & CO. MCMVII CONTENTS PAGE LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix BOOK IV (_continued_) THE REALISTIC PAINTERS AND MODERN IDEALISTS (_continued_) CHAPTER XXVIII REALISM IN ENGLAND The mannerism of English historical painting: F. C. Horsley, J. R. Herbert, J. Tenniel, E. M. Ward, Eastlake, Edward Armitage, and others.--The importance of Ruskin.--Beginning of the efforts at reform with William Dyce and Joseph Noël Paton.--The pre-Raphaelites.--The battle against "beautiful form" and "beautiful tone."--Holman Hunt.--Ford Madox Brown.--John Everett Millais and Velasquez.--Their pictures from modern life opposed to the anecdotic pictures of the elder _genre_ painters.--The Scotch painter John Phillip 1 CHAPTER XXIX REALISM IN GERMANY Why historical painting and the anecdotic picture could no longer take the central place in the life of German art after the changes of 1870.--Berlin: Adolf Menzel, A. v. Werner, Carl Güssow, Max Michael.--Vienna: August v. Pettenkofen.--Munich becomes once more a formative influence.--Importance of the impetus given in the seventies to the artistic crafts, and how it afforded an incentive to an exhaustive study of the old colourists.--Lorenz Gedon, W. Diez, E. Harburger, W. Loefftz, Claus Meyer, A. Holmberg, Fritz August Kaulbach.--Good painting takes the place of the well-told anecdote.--Transition from the costume picture to the pure treatment of modern life.--Franz Lenbach.--The Ramberg school.--Victor Müller brings into Germany the knowledge of Courbet.--Wilhelm Leibl 39 CHAPTER XXX THE INFLUENCE OF THE JAPANESE The Paris International Exhibition of 1867 communicated to Europe a knowledge of the Japanese.--A sketch of the history of Japanese painting.--The "Society of the Jinglar," and the influence of the Japanese on the founders of Impressionism 81 CHAPTER XXXI THE IMPRESSIONISTS Impressionism is Realism widened by the study of the _milieu_.--Edouard Manet, Degas, Renoir, Camille Pissarro, Alfred Sisley, Claude Monet.--The Impressionist movement the final phase in the great battle of liberation for modern art 105 CHAPTER XXXII THE NEW IDEALISM IN ENGLAND