Buckingham, 262-264, 265, 269. Burghers, at Parliament of 1265, 102-103; acquire function of taxing, 116-119. _Carta Mercatoria_, 158; complaint against, 162. Carucage, 43, note 1; imposition by Richard I, 43; a revival of the Danegeld, 35, note 1; levy of 1198, 44; “assessed” by the Common Council, 77-78. Charles I, his accession, 261; signs Petition of Right, 269; renounces tunnage and poundage, 274-275; rules without Parliament, 279. Charles II, his accession, 302; death, 304. Clergy, John’s antagonism of, 55; need of their assent to taxation recognized, 125; meet separately, 131, note 1; attempted taxation of by Parliament, 1449, 210; taxation after English Reformation, 228-230. _Clericis laicos_, 133, note 1; tendency to disregard, 1297, 142, 145; adduced in 1301, 156. Common Council, no provision for London representatives made in Magna Carta, 66; its composition, 66-68; representation, 68-69; part in taxation in early years of Henry III, 77-78; grants a tax on movables, 1224, 79-81; instances of refusal, 1232 and 1237, 81-82; refuses a grant, 1242, 85; its control over taxation in 1250, 91-92; knights of the shires called, 1254, 92-94; its control of disbursements, see Disbursements. Commons, House of, foreshadowed in Parliament of 1265, 102, 103; meets separately, 189, 190; initiation of tax levies, 205-208, 308; composition dictated by James I, 238; revival of impeachment, 256; breach of privilege in Short Parliament, 293. _Commune Concilium_, see Common Council. Conditional grant, early instance of, 1224, 79-80; repetitions, 81-82. _Confirmatio Cartarum_, action prior to, 142-144; signed by Edward I, 145; analysis of tax clauses, 146-150; marks a stage in Parliamentary taxation, 152-153. Contributions, voluntary, among the early Germans, 2, 3. Cowel’s “Interpreter,” 248. Customs, in early England, 113, note 1; _Carta Mercatoria_, 158; statutory provision for control by Parliament, Edward III, 177-178; persistence of the struggle over customs, 179-180; Bate Case, 242-244; Book of Rates, 245; collection ordered by Charles I, 265; omission in Petition of Right, 273. See also under New Customs, Ancient Customs. Danegeld, origin 991 and early instances, 6-7; authority for its exaction, 8-9; reimposition under the Conqueror, 15-16; under William Rufus, 18; Stephen’s promise of abolition, 25-26; supposed cause of Woodstock Controversy, 27, note 3; its disappearance from the Rolls, 35, and note 1; revival as “carucage,” 35, 43. _De tallagio non concedendo_, 150-151, 159, 167; cited in Petition of Right, 271. Disbursements, rejection of commission for, 82-83, 85; demand for supervision of, 87-88; Matthew Paris’s scheme, 88.