[160] “... Tibi præcipimus firmiter injungentes quod de comitatu prædicto duos milites et de qualibet civitate ejusdem comitatus duos cives, et de quolibet burgo duos burgenses, de discretioribus et ad laboradum potentioribus, sine dilatione eligi, et eos ad nos ad prædictos diem et locum venire facias: ita quod dicti milites plenam et sufficientem potestatem pro se et communitate comitatus prædicti, et dicti cives et burgenses pro se et communitate civitatum et burgorum prædictorum divisim ab ipsis tunc ibidem habeant, ad faciendum quod tunc de communi consilio ordinabitur in præmissis; ita quod pro defectu hujusmodi potestatis negotium prædictum infectum non remaneant quoquo modo.” Stubbs, _Sel. Chart._ 486. Translation Adams and Stephens, _Sel. Doc._ 83. [161] In the fourteenth century the clergy ceased to act in Parliament. They preferred to make their grants in separate convocations, and continued to do so until 1664 when they were merged with the other two estates. From the reign of Henry VIII, the grants of the clergy were subject to parliamentary confirmation. Taswell-Langmead, _Eng. Const. Hist._ 201-202. [162] Barth. Cotton, 299. [163] Barth. Cotton, 299. [164] The bull “Clericis laicos,” published 24th February, 1296, by Boniface VIII, was levelled at the taxation of the clergy by temporal powers; it prohibited the clergy from paying and the secular powers from receiving contributions by way of taxes, under pain of excommunication. The bull is given in 1 Rymer, _Foedera_, part 3, p. 156, and in Adams and Stephens, _Sel. Doc._ 84, in translation. [165] Barth. Cotton. 315, 317-319. [166] Walt. de Hemingb., 121. [167] Matt. Westm., 430, in Stubbs, _Sel. Chart._ 441. [168] 1 Rymer, _Foedera_, part 3, 179. [169] 2 Walt, de Hemingb., 121, 122. [170] Matt. Westm., 430, in Stubbs, _Sel. Chart._ 441. The restitution of Winchelsey’s baronies occurred after this scene 19th July, according to _Chron. Cant. Ang. Sac._ noted in 2 Stubbs, _Const. Hist. Eng._ 141. [171] Matt. Westm., 430, in Stubbs, _Sel. Chart._ 441, 442. [172] Barth. Cotton, 338; 1 _Rot. Parl._ 239. [173] Barth. Cotton, 334. [174] W. Rishanger, _Chron._ 175, in Stubbs, _Sel. Chart._ 442, 443. [175] Matt. Westm., 430; W. Rishanger, 178. Both in Stubbs, _Sel. Chart._ 444. [176] 1 Rymer, _Foedera_, part 3, 189. [177] Barth. Cotton, 336. [178] 1 Rymer, _Foedera_, part 3, 190. [179] 2 Walt. de Hemingb. 147, 148. [180] 2 Stubbs, _Const. Hist. Eng._ 147. [181] “Clericis laicos,” it will be remembered, prohibited compliance by the clergy with demands by the crown for taxation. It is evident that a gift by the clergy for the defense of the realm, provided it be not a compliant, but an initial act, was not a contravention of the bull. [182] Barth. Cotton, 339.