The History of Philosophy in IslamBoer, T. J. de (Tjitze J.)
Islamic
The History of Philosophy in Islam
Boer, T. J. de (Tjitze J.)
Islamic philosophy -- History
14. If we now take a general survey of Farabi’s system, it exhibits
itself as a fairly consistent Spiritualism,—or,—to be more
precise,—Intellectualism. The Corporeal,—that which appeals to the
Senses,—as it originates in the imagination of the Spirit, might be
designated “a confused presentation”. The only true existence is
Spirit, although it assumes various degrees. God alone is entirely
unmixed and pure Spirit, while those Spirits, which eternally proceed
from him, already have in them the element of plurality. The number of
primary Spirits has been determined by the Ptolemaic cosmology, and
corresponds to the celestial hierarchy. The farther any one of them is
removed from the first, so much the less part has it in the Being of
the pure Spirit. From the last World-Spirit Man receives his essential
nature, that is—Reason. There is no gap in all the system; the Universe
is a beautiful and well-ordered whole. The Evil and the Bad are the
necessary consequence of finiteness in individual things; but the Good
which characterizes the Universe is set thereby in bolder relief.
Can this fair order of the Universe, from all eternity emanating from
God, ever be destroyed, or can it even flow back to God? A sustained
streaming-back to the Godhead, there doubtless is. The longing of the
Soul is directed to what is above and advancing knowledge purifies it
and leads it upwards. But how far? Neither philosophers nor prophets
have been able to return a clear answer to this question. And the
wisdom of both of these,—both philosophy and prophecy,—Farabi derives
from the creative World-Spirit above us. Now and again he speaks of
prophecy as if it represented the highest stage of human knowledge and
action. But that cannot be his real view;—at least it is not the
logical consequence of his theoretical philosophy. According to it
everything prophetic,—in dream, vision, revelation and so on,—belongs
to the sphere of the Imagination or Representation, and thus takes an
intermediate position between Sense-Perception and pure Rational
Knowledge. Although, in his Ethics and Politics, he attaches a high
educational importance to religion, it is always regarded as inferior
in absolute worth to knowledge acquired through pure reason.
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