Into the arts practiced by the graduates of the Corinthian academies it is hardly possible to enter, at least in a modern tongue. Even the Greeks were obliged to invent verbs to designate the monstrosities practiced by the Lesbian and Phoenician women. Demosthenes, pleading successfully against the courtesan Neæra, describes her as having seven young girls in her house, whom she knew well how to train for their calling, as was proved by the repeated sales of their virginity. One may form an idea of the shocking depravity of the reigning taste from the sneers which were lavished upon Phryne and Bacchis, who steadily adhered to natural pleasures. The use of philtres, or charms (of which more will be said in the ensuing chapter on Roman prostitution), was common in Greece. Retired courtesans often combined the manufacture of these supposed charms with the business of a midwife. They made potions which excited love and potions which destroyed it; charms to turn love into hate, and others to convert hate into love. That the efficacy of the latter must have been a matter of pure faith need not be demonstrated, though the belief in them was general and profound. The former are well known in the pharmacopoeia, and from the accounts given of their effects, there is no reason to doubt that they were successfully employed in Greece, as well by jealous husbands and suspicious fathers as by ardent lovers. A case is mentioned by no less an authority than Aristotle, of a woman who contrived to administer an amorous potion to her lover, who died of it. The woman was tried for murder; but, it being satisfactorily proved that her intention was not to cause death, but to revive an extinct love, she was acquitted. Other cases are mentioned in which the philtres produced madness instead of love. Similar accidents have attended the exhibition of cantharides in modern times. CHAPTER IV. ROME. Laws governing Prostitution.--Floralian Games.--Registration of Prostitutes.--Purity of Morals.--Julian Law.--Ædiles.--Classes of Prostitutes.--Loose Prostitutes.--Various Classes of lewd Women.-- Meretrices.--Dancing Girls.--Bawds.--Male Prostitutes.--Houses of Prostitution.--Lupanaria.--Cells of Prostitutes.--Houses of Assignation.--Fornices.--Circus.--Baths.--Taverns.--Bakers' Shops.--Squares and Thoroughfares.--Habits and Manners of Prostitutes.--Social standing.--Dress.--Rate of Hire.--Virgins in Roman Brothels.--Kept Women.--Roman Poets.--Ovid.--Martial.--Roman Society.--Social Corruption.--Conversation.--Pictures and Sculptures.--Theatricals.--Baths.--Religious Indecencies.--Marriage Feasts.--Emperors.--Secret Diseases.--Celsus.--Roman Faculty.-- Archiatii. LAWS GOVERNING PROSTITUTION.