The History of Roman Literature: From the Earliest Period to the Death of Marcus AureliusCruttwell, Charles Thomas
Philosophy
The History of Roman Literature: From the Earliest Period to the Death of Marcus Aurelius
Cruttwell, Charles Thomas
Latin literature -- History and criticism
Several of his letters are preserved; they are in admirable taste, but do
not present any special points for criticism. With Caesar ends the
collection of genuine letter-writers, who wrote in conversational style,
without reference to publicity. In after times we have indeed numerous so-
called letters, but they are no longer the same class of composition as
these, nor have any recent letters the vigour, grace, and freedom of those
of Cicero and Caesar.
A friend of many great men, and especially of Atticus, CORNELIUS NEPOS
(74?-24 B.C.) owes his fame to the kindness of fortune more than to his
own achievements. Had we possessed only the account of him given by his
friends, we should have bewailed the loss of a learned and eloquent
author. [64] Fortunately we have the means of judging of his talent by a
short fragment of his work _On Illustrious Men_, which, though it
relegates him to the second rank in intellect, does credit to his
character and heart. [65] It consists of the lives of several Greek
generals and statesmen, written in a compendious and popular style,
adapted especially for school reading, where it has always been in great
request. Besides these there are short accounts of Hamilcar and Hannibal,
and of the Romans, Cato and Atticus. The last-mentioned biography is an
extract from a lost work, _De Historicis Latinis_, among whom friendship
prompts him to class the good-natured and cultivated banker. The series of
illustrious men extended over sixteen books, and was divided under the
headings of kings, generals, lawyers, orators, poets, historians,
philosophers, and grammarians. To each of these two books were devoted,
one of Greek, and one of Latin examples. [66] Of those we possess the life
of Atticus is the only one of any historical value, the rest being mere
superficial compilations, and not always from the best authorities.
Besides the older generation, he had friends also among the younger.
Catullus, who like him came from Gallia Cisalpina, pays in his first poem
the tribute of gratitude, due probably to his timely patronage. The work
mentioned there as that on which the fame of Nepos rested was called
_Chronica_. It seems to have been a laborious attempt to form a
comparative chronology of Greek and Roman History, and to have contained
three books. Subsequently, he preferred biographical studies, in which
field, besides his chief work, he edited a series of _Exempla_, or
patterns for imitation, of the character of our modern _Self Help_, and
intended to wean youthful minds from the corrupt fashions of their time. A
_Life of Cicero_ would probably be of great use to us, had fortune spared
it; for Nepos knew Cicero well, and had access through Atticus to all his
correspondence. At Atticus's request he wrote also a biography of Cato at
greater length than the short one which we possess. It has been observed
by Merivale [67] that the Romans were specially fitted for biographical
writing.
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