The History of Sabatai Sevi, the Suppos'd Messiah of the JewsEvelyn, John
History
The History of Sabatai Sevi, the Suppos'd Messiah of the Jews
Evelyn, John
Impostors and imposture -- Early works to 1800; Shabbethai Tzevi, 1626-1676
Other details are missing from Evelyn's _Pretended Messiah_; the
interested reader may pursue the strange tale in Graetz's _History of
the Jews_ or the partly fictionalized biography by Joseph Kastein, _The
Messiah of Ismir_.[5] We may note in passing one additional incident.
After his first banishment from Smyrna (as a result of pronouncing the
sacred tetragrammaton in Hebrew), Sevi met the mystic Abraham ha-Yakini,
who subsequently forged in archaic characters and style a document
entitled "The Great Wisdom of Solomon"--a document accepted by Sevi as
an authentic "archeological" revelation. The event was shortly followed
by a bizarre celebration of Sevi's marriage as the Son of God ("En Sof")
with the Torah, and may have provided climactic metaphysical
confirmation of Sevi's hopes. In the manner of the old apocalypses, it
pronounced Sevi the "saviour of My people, Israel," one who in time
"shall overthrow the great dragon and kill the serpent."[6]
Good as Evelyn's _Pretended Messiah_ may have been for contemporaries
as a review of recent "news," and we must not underestimate this
function, to the modern reader it seems closer to fiction, of a
peculiarly propagandistic and ironic kind. Aside from omissions from the
story--partly a matter of ignorance or failure in perception, and partly
deliberate exclusion of inconvenient material--Evelyn's enthusiastic
acceptance of his source's frequent theatrical metaphors is one measure
of the distance from history of the _Pretended Messiah_. When Evelyn's
Sevi is grave, it is a "formal and pharisaical gravitie" which is
"starcht on." His motives in general seem highly conscious, even
deliberate; and despite a certain doubleness in the point of view of the
_Pretended Messiah_, the reason for Sevi's comic simplicity is not
difficult to discover. Sir Paul Rycaut, as I have suggested, seems
primarily interested in the effects of the movement on trade. The most
vehement thinking of the book, though ascribed to an unnamed opponent of
Sevi, could well be that of Rycaut himself:
[The opponent observed] in what a wilde manner the whole People
of the Jewes was transported, with the groundless beliefe of a
_Messiah_, leaving not onely their Trade, and course of living,
but publishing Prophesies of a speedy Kingdome, of rescue from
the Tyranny of the Turk, and leading the Grand Signior himself
Captive in Chaines; matters so dangerous and obnoxious to the
State wherein they lived, as might justly convict them of
Treason and Rebellion, and leave them to the Mercy of that
Justice, which on the least jealousie and suspicion of Matters
of this nature uses to extirpate Families, and subvert the
Mansion-houses of their own People, much rather of the Jewes, on
whom the Turkes would gladly take occasion to dispoile them of
their Estates, and condemn the whole Nation to perpetual
slavery.
(pp. 78-79)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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