Still lower was the shadow portrait to fall, when another contrivance was
invented to trick the public into the belief that magic played a part in
producing the likeness. An automatic figure was taken round the country
which it was claimed could draw silhouettes. Somewhere about 1826 the
automaton was brought to Newcastle, and is described as a figure seated
in flowing robes with a style in the right hand, which by machinery
scratched an outline of a profile on card, which the exhibitor professed
to fill up in black. The person whose likeness was to be taken sat at one
side of the figure, near a wall. “One of our party,” says an eye-witness,
“detected an opening in the wall, through which a man’s eye was visible.
This man, no doubt, drew the profile, and not the automaton. Ladies’
heads were relieved by pencillings of gold.”
The son of the great, little Madame Tussaud, who began her wax
modelling in the Palais Royal in the days of the French Revolution,
taking death-masks of many of the guillotine victims, thus advertises
in 1823:—“J. P. Tussaud (son of Madame T.) respectfully informs the
nobility, gentry, and the public in general, that he has a machine by
which he takes profile likenesses. Price, 2s. to 7s., according to style.”
This machine was probably of the kind described by Blenkinsopp in _Notes
and Queries_:—“A long rod worked in a movable fulcrum, with a pencil
at one end and a small iron rod at the other, was the apparatus. He
passed the rod over the face and head, and the pencil at the other end
reproduced the outline on a card, afterwards filled in with lamp-black.”
It is probable that Edward Ward Foster, who described himself
as “Profilist from London,” used such a machine, which he thus
describes:—“The construction and simplicity of this machine render it one
of the most ingenious inventions of the present day, as it is impossible
in its delineation to differ from the outlines of the original, even the
breadth of a hair.
“Mr. F. wishes the public to understand that, besides sketching profiles,
this machine will make a complete etching on copper-plate, by which means
any person can take any number he thinks proper, at any time, from the
etched plate; and for the further satisfaction of the public, he will
most respectfully return the money paid if the likeness is not good.
Profiles in black at 5s. and upwards, etc. Derby, January 1, 1811.”
Mr. West, miniature and profile painter, from London, worked with the
same machine. His prices were:—profiles on card, in black, 5s.; in
colours, 10s. 6d.; on ivory, in colours, one guinea and upwards.
We have succeeded in tracing the recorded description of one of the
sitters who actually had a portrait taken by such an instrument, and also
one who saw such an instrument as late as 1879. The account is by Mr. H.
Hems, Fair Park, Exeter, and brings our tale of mechanical contrivances
in connection with silhouette portraiture to a fitting close:—
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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