The earliest mention of Mallows is to be found in Job xxx. 4.--Varieties of the Mallow--Cultivation and use of the Mallow--Testimony of ancient authors--Papias and Isidore’s mention of Mallow cloth--Mallow cloth common in the days of Charlemagne--Mallow shawls--Mallow cloths mentioned in the Periplus as exported from India to Barygaza (Baroch)--Calidāsa the Indian dramatist, who lived in the first century B. C.--His testimony--Wallich’s (the Indian botanist) account--Mantles of woven bark, mentioned in the Sacontăla of Calidāsa--Valcălas, or Mantles of woven bark, mentioned in the Ramayana, a noted poem of ancient India--Sheets made from trees--Ctesias’ testimony--Strabo’s account--Testimony of Statius Cæcilius and Plautus, who lived 169 B. C. and 184 B. C.--Plautus’s laughable enumeration of the analogy of trades--Beauty of garments of Amorgos mentioned by Eupolis--Clearchus’s testimony--Plato mentions linen shifts--Amorgine garments first manufactured at Athens in the time of Aristophanes 191 CHAPTER XIII. SPARTUM OR SPANISH BROOM. CLOTH MANUFACTURED FROM BROOM BARK, NETTLE, AND BULBOUS PLANT.--TESTIMONY OF GREEK AND LATIN AUTHORS. Authority for Spanish Broom--Stipa Tenacissima--Cloth made from Broom-bark--Albania--Italy--France--Mode of preparing the fibre for weaving--Pliny’s account of Spartum--Bulbous plant--Its fibrous coats--Pliny’s translation of Theophrastus--Socks and garments--Size of the bulb--Its genus or species not sufficiently defined--Remarks of various modern writers on this plant--Interesting communications of Dr. Daniel Stebbins, of Northampton, Mass. to Hon. H. L. Ellsworth 202 PART SECOND. ORIGIN AND ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE SHEEP. CHAPTER I. SHEEP’S WOOL. SHEEP-BREEDING AND PASTORAL LIFE OF THE ANCIENTS--ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SCRIPTURES, ETC. The Shepherd Boy--Sheep-breeding in Scythia and Persia--Mesopotamia and Syria--In Idumæa and Northern Arabia--In Palestine and Egypt--In Ethiopia and Libya--In Caucasus and Coraxi--The Coraxi identified with the modern Caratshai--In Asia Minor, Pisidia, Pamphylia, Samos, &c.--In Caria and Ionia--Milesian wool--Sheep-breeding in Thrace, Magnesia, Thessaly, Eubœa, and Bœotia--In Phocis, Attica, and Megaris--In Arcadia--Worship of Pan--Pan the god of the Arcadian Shepherds--Introduction of his worship into Attica--Extension of the worship of Pan--His dances with the nymphs--Pan not the Egyptian Mendes, but identical with Faunus--The philosophical explanation of Pan rejected--Moral, social, and political state of the Arcadians--Polybius on the cultivation of music by the Arcadians--Worship of Mercury in connection with sheep-breeding and the wool trade--Present state of Arcadia--Sheep-breeding in Macedonia and Epirus--Shepherds’ dogs--Annual migration of Albanian shepherds 217 CHAPTER II. SHEEP-BREEDING AND PASTORAL LIFE OF THE ANCIENTS--ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SCRIPTURES, ETC.