A. D. 530.--Introduction of silk-worms into Europe--Mode by which it was effected--The Serinda of Procopius the same with the modern Khotan--The silk-worm never bred in Sir-hind--Silk shawls of Tyre and Berytus--Tyrannical conduct of Justinian--Ruin of the silk manufactures--Oppressive conduct of Peter Barsames--Menander Protector--Surprise of Maniak the Sogdian ambassador--Conduct of Chosroes, king of Persia--Union of the Chinese and Persians against the Turks--The Turks in self-defence seek an alliance with the Romans--Mortification of the Turkish ambassador--Reception of the Byzantine ambassador by Disabul, king of the Sogdiani--Display of silk textures--Paul the Silentiary’s account of silk--Isidorus Hispalensis. Mention of silk by authors in the seventh century--Dorotheus, Archimandrite of Palestine--Introduction of silk-worms into Chubdan, or Khotan--Theophylactus Simocatta--Silk manufactures of Turfan--Silk known in England in this century--First worn by Ethelbert, king of Kent--Use of by the French kings--Aldhelmus’s beautiful description of the silk-worm--Simile between weaving and virtue. Silk in the eighth century--Bede. In the tenth century--Use of silk by the English, Welsh, and Scotch kings. Twelfth century--Theodoras Prodromus--Figured shawls of the Seres--Ingulphus describes vestments of silk interwoven with eagles and flowers of gold--Great value of silk about this time--Silk manufactures of Sicily--Its introduction into Spain. Fourteenth century--Nicholas Tegrini--Extension of the Silk manufacture through Europe, illustrated by etymology--Extraordinary beauty of silk and golden textures used in the decoration of churches in the middle ages--Silk rarely mentioned in the ninth, eleventh, or thirteenth centuries 66 CHAPTER V. SILK AND GOLDEN TEXTURES OF THE ANCIENTS. HIGH DEGREE OF EXCELLENCE ATTAINED IN THIS MANUFACTURE. Manufacture of golden textures in the time of Moses--Homer--Golden tunics of the Lydians--Their use by the Indians and Arabians--Extraordinary display of scarlet robes, purple, striped with silver, golden textures, &c., by Darius, king of Persia--Purple and scarlet cloths interwoven with gold--Tunics and shawls variegated with gold--Purple garments with borders of gold--Golden chlamys--Attalus, king of Pergamus, _not_ the inventor of gold thread--Bostick--Golden robe worn by Agrippina--Caligula and Heliogabalus--Sheets interwoven with gold used at the obsequies of Nero--Babylonian shawls intermixed with gold--Silk shawls interwoven with gold--Figured cloths of gold and Tyrean purple--Use of gold in the manufacture of shawls by the Greeks--4,000,000 sesterces (about $150,000) paid by the Emperor Nero for a Babylonish coverlet--Portrait of Constantius II.--Magnificence of Babylonian carpets, mantles, &c.--Median sindones 84 CHAPTER VI. SILVER TEXTURES, ETC., OF THE ANCIENTS. EXTREME BEAUTY OF THESE MANUFACTURES.