CHAPTER XI.—French expedition to Algiers (1830)—Civil war in Portugal—Loss of the RIVAL (1832)—Mutiny on board the LORD BLANEY (1831)—Loss of the LORD BLANEY (1833)—Arrival of the BIRMINGHAM with news of the total defeat of Don Miguel (1833)—The MARGARET, first screw steamer trading from Hull; lost 1845 63 CHAPTER XII.—Pioneers of Transatlantic Steam Navigation—Valentia Transatlantic Steam Navigation Co., incorporated 1828—Scheme revived 1835—Dr. Lardner’s famous speech—His disclaimer, 1851—The ROYAL WILLIAM (of Canada), 1833—Dr. Julius Smith—British Queen Steam Navigation Co., 1836—BRITISH QUEEN (1838)—SIRIUS (1838)—ROYAL WILLIAM (City of Dublin Co., 1838)—LIVERPOOL (1838)—British and American Steam Navigation Co.’s steamer PRESIDENT, launched 1839—Lost 1841 66 CHAPTER XIII.—British Government and the Atlantic Mail Service—Mr. Samuel Cunard—Formation of the Cunard Line—The GREAT BRITAIN, launched 1843—Leaves Bristol for London—Inspected by H.M. Queen Victoria—Leaves London for Liverpool—First voyage to New York (1845)—Stranded Dundrum Bay (1846)—Re-floated (1847)—Sails to New York (1832) 78 CHAPTER XIV.—Steam communication with the West Indies—The Royal Mail Steampacket Co. (1841), commences with a fleet of fourteen steamers—Generous concessions from Government—Rapid increase of trade—The “TRENT affair”—First screw steamers for Company—The Imperial Direct West India Mail Service, Limited, established 1901 84 CHAPTER XV.—Early American Transatlantic Steamships—MASSACHUSETTS (1845)—WASHINGTON (1847)—The Collins Line—General description of steamers—Arrival at Liverpool of pioneer steamer ATLANTIC—Description of—Accident to ATLANTIC—Loss of steamers ARCTIC and PACIFIC and collapse of the company 91 CHAPTER XVI.—The loss of the Collins Liner ARCTIC 101 CHAPTER XVII.—Steamship companies of the past (defunct or absorbed)—The Inman Line, 1850—Galway Line, 1859—National Line, 1863—Guion Line, 1866—Royal Atlantic Steam Navigation Co. 106 CHAPTER XVIII.—Liverpool and Glasgow Steamers—The ORION wrecked off Portpatrick, 1850—The steamer NEPTUNE—A second Grace Darling 115 CHAPTER XIX.—The Eastern Steam Navigation Co.—Proposal to build a line of Leviathan steamers—GREAT EASTERN—Contracted for—Attempts to launch—Finally successful—Description of—Enormous loss to shareholders—Sails for New York—Carries troops to Canada—Lays Atlantic Cable—Is ultimately bought by “Lewis” for exhibition purposes, and finally broken up[1] 119 CHAPTER XX.—Steam to Australia—SOPHIA JANE—GREAT BRITAIN—GOLDEN AGE—ROYAL CHARTER lost, 1859 129