TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. A superscript is denoted by ^{x}; for example, 36^{th}. The original text has a dot under the 'th', which has been removed in the etext. The format of time in the original text (with a hyphen) has been retained. For example, 11-45 a.m. Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources. More detail can be found at the end of the book. THE HISTORY OF THE 36^{TH} (ULSTER) DIVISION O socii, neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum, O passi graviora, dabit deus his quoque finem. VIRGIL: _Æneid_. And he hadde been somtyme in chyvachie, In Flaundrés, in Artoys and Pycardie, And born hym weel. CHAUCER: _Canterbury Tales_. _Dawbeney_-- Wise princes, Oxford, Fight not alone with forces. Providence Directs and tutors strength; else elephants And barbèd horses might as well prevail As the most subtle stratagems of war. FORD: _Perkin Warbeck_. [Illustration: THE MEMORIAL TO THE 36TH (ULSTER) DIVISION AT THIEPVAL] THE HISTORY OF THE 36^{TH} (ULSTER) DIVISION BY CYRIL FALLS _Late Lieutenant, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers and Captain, G.S., 36th Division_ WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY FIELD MARSHAL THE LORD PLUMER G.C.B., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O. [Illustration: (colophon)] M'CAW, STEVENSON & ORR, LIMITED THE LINENHALL PRESS, BELFAST AND 329 HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. 1922 _This History is dedicated to the men of the_ ULSTER DIVISION, _returned from the War, and to those who have not come back; of whom I name two friends_: HARRY GALLAGHER, D.S.O., _Captain, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, killed at the Battle of Messines, 1917_; _and_ GEORGE BRUCE, D.S.O., M.C., _Brigade Major, 109th Brigade, killed near Dadizeele, 1918_; _Patterns to men-in-arms_. INTRODUCTION The history of the 36th (Ulster) Division is the record of a great effort and a great achievement. The effort which resulted in its inception was the outcome of the determination, on the part of a people brought up in great traditions and inspired with a fervent spirit of loyalty, that they should be worthily represented in the fierce and prolonged struggle which from the outset was clearly foreshadowed. The achievement was the response made to the call by their representatives, the gallant deeds accomplished, the courage and determination displayed, and the sacrifices made.