The History of the Assassins, Derived from Oriental SourcesHammer-Purgstall, Joseph, Freiherr von
History
The History of the Assassins, Derived from Oriental Sources
Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph, Freiherr von
Assassins (Ismailites)
I then discussed the various etymologies proposed by M. de Caseneuve,
the prelate, J. S. Assemani, M. Falconet, the celebrated Reiske, M.
Court de Gebelin, the Abbé S. Assemani, of Padua, and lastly, Le Moyne;
and I showed that none of these writers had given the true etymology of
the name, with the exception of Le Moyne, who had, indeed, perceived,
that the denomination of _Assassins_ or _Assissins_, was derived from
the Arabic word _Haschisch_ (Hashish). “But,” I add, “M. Le Moyne did
not know why the Ismailites bore the designation of _Haschischin_
(_Hashishin_), and he has given a very bad reason, which has caused the
proscription of his etymology.”
Messrs. M. R. assuredly imagine, that it is merely conjecturally
that I have maintained that the Ismailites were designated by the
name of _Haschischin_ (_Hashishin_), by the Arabs: for they express
themselves thus: “The oldest Italian and French authors commonly write
_Assassini_, sometimes _Heissessini_, and _Assissini_; Joinville wrote
it _Haussaci_. On these grounds, M. de Sacy _doubts not_, that the
Arabic which has served as the type, was _Haschisch_ (_Hashish_),
signifying _herb_, in general, and in one particular meaning, _hemp_.
Now, because the Arabs have long known how to prepare a beverage from
hemp, which intoxicates and maddens like opium; and because this
beverage has sometimes been made use of to stimulate fanatics to the
deed, which the Musulmans call _the holy war_, namely, _premeditated
murder_, M. de Sacy will have it, that the whole sect of the
Ismailites, which supplied many of this kind of fanatics, was called
_Hachichi_ or _Haschischi_ (_Hashishi_); that is, the _herb people_,
but, in order to establish this, it is necessary, in the first place,
to prove, that the use of this beverage was habitual and general among
this sect; so much so, as to distinguish them from all other Arabs,
who used it, but without becoming murderers like them. History teaches
us nothing similar. It even appears, that this artificial means could
only have been employed when their primitive zeal began to cool; but,
moreover, the word _haschisch_ (_hashish_), differs too strongly from
the words _Assassin_, _Heissessin_, and _Haussaci_, to have served as
their original root.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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