White, F. B.--Some Thoughts on the Distribution of the British Butterflies, "The Entomologist," vol. xiv., 1881. Woodward, B. B.--On the Pleistocene (non-marine) Mollusca of the London District, "Proc. Geologists' Association," vol. ii. (_vide_ also Kennard and Woodward). Wright, J.--Boulder-clay a marine deposit, "Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow," vol. x., 1896. INDEX. _Ablepharus pannonicus_, 258 _Accentor collaris_, 316 _modularis_, 317 Accidental distribution, 12, 26 _Acipenser ruthenus_, 29 Acme, 323 Adams, Leith, 112, 150 Ægean continent, subsidence of, 272-273 Agriolimax, 284 _Alactaga jaculus_, 204 _Alca impennis_, 92, 142 Alligator, accidental dispersal of, 14 _Allolobophora Georgii_, 115, 302 _veneta_, 115, 302 Alpine Accentor, 316 Chough, 317 fauna, survival of, during Glacial period, 332 flora, 341-348 flora, age of, 78, 79 flora, suitable conditions for, 78-79 Hare, as a test of climate, 316 Snow-finch, 318 Alps, component elements of fauna, 311-312 Alston, E. R., 312 _Alytes cisternasii_, 295 _obstetricans_, 295 _Amalia_, 284 America, introductions from, 24 American beetles in the British Islands, 167 plants, origin of, in the British Islands, 144 plants in Ireland, 166 sponges in Ireland, 166 _Ampelis garrulus_, 205 Amphibia of Europe, 193-194 dispersal of, 21 _Amphicoma_, 268 Andalusian Bush-quail, 291-292 _Anergates_, 167 Anglo-Scotian fauna, 95 Animals as tests of climate, 71-75 Antelope, 39 Ants, European origin of, 161 _Apollo_, 325 _Apus glacialis_, 94, 167 Aralo-Caspian Sea and Arctic Ocean, connection between, 219-231 _Arbutus unedo_, 110, 307 Arctic animals in Caspian Sea, 238 flora in Europe, 238-241 Hare, origin of, 148-149, 158-159 Hare, range of, 136-138 Lepidoptera, 200 plant-beds at Bovey Tracy, 238 plants, 143-144 plants, delicacy of, 185 mollusca in Red Crag, 235-236 Seal, 174 sub-region, 132 _Arctomys bobak_, 204, 313 _marmotta_, 313 _Arion_, 48, 299 _subfuscus_, 49 _Arionidæ_, origin of, 48, 299 _Asiminea Grayana_, 99 Aucapitaine, Baron, experiments by, 15 Autochthonous species, 10 Azores, remains of a continent, 19 _Bacillus_, 269-270 Badger, distribution of, 43 _Balea perversa_, 298 Ball, J., 77, 345-347 Baltic Sea, fauna of, 174 Baltic and White Seas, connection between, 175 Banded Lemming, range of, 138 Barn Owl, 98 Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H., 29, 90, 139, 149 Barriers to animal migration, 38 Barrington, R. M., 105 _Bathyphantes nigrinus_, 94 Baur, G., 19 Bearded Titmouse, 292 Beaver, 203 Beaver absent from Ireland, 121 Beddard, F. E., 19, 58 Bedriaga, J. von, 259-260 Beetles common to North America and Europe, 161 American, in British Islands, 167 Bell (_vide_ Kendall and Bell) Black Cock, 143 Black Grouse, 336