The first Hebrew weekly, which dealt not only with Jewish affairs, was the “Hamaggid,” founded by Lazarus Silbermann in Lyck, East Prussia, in 1858. The first Hebrew daily paper was the “Hazefirah,” published first as a weekly in 1862 and afterwards as a daily from 1886. Quite a number of valuable magazines dealing with Jewish history and literature have been published since the middle of the nineteenth century in Hebrew and in various modern languages. “Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift fuer Juedische Theologie” (1835-1840) and “Juedische Zeitschrift fuer Wissenschaft und Leben” (1862-1875) were both edited by Abraham Geiger; the “Monatsschrift fuer Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums,” begun by Zechariah Frankel in 1854, was discontinued in 1887 and has been republished since 1891. “Revue des Etudes Juives” dates from 1881; “Jewish Quarterly Review” appeared from 1888 to 1908. Of the Hebrew magazines there are “Kerem Hemed,” of which nine volumes were published from 1833 to 1856, Bikure Ha-ittim (1820-1831), and “Haschiloach” since 1896. Rabbinic literature of the older type, dealing with the law and Talmudic dialecticism, has also a great number of representatives during this period. Among the foremost may be named Moses Schreiber (Sofer), born at Frankfort-on-the-Main in 1762, died as rabbi of Presburg in 1839, and Akiba Eger (1761-1837). In Western Europe this literature shows a steady decline. Of the authors whose life belongs entirely to the nineteenth century may be mentioned Jacob Ettlinger, rabbi of Altona (1798-1871), and Seligman Bär Bamberger, rabbi of Wuerzburg (1807-1878). Very numerous, however, are the Rabbinic authors of Eastern Europe and the Orient, among whom Isaac Elhanan Spector, rabbi of Kovno (1810-1896), Hayim David Hazan, rabbi of Jerusalem (1790-1868), Hayim Palaggi, rabbi of Smyrna (1784-1868), and Hayim Hezekiah Medini (1834-1904), may be mentioned.