Anti-Semitism, Rise of, 98 Antokolsky, Marcus, 108 Antony, 14 Apollonius, 10 Arabs, 35, 39, 48, 49, 58 Arama, Isaac, 65 Arbues, Peter, 60 Archelaus, 15 Arians, 38 Aristobul, 13 —, 13, 14 Armleder, John, 55 Artaxerxes, 8 — III, Ochus, 8 Aruk, 41, 51 Aryeh Lob, 87 Ascarelli, Deborah, 84 Asch, Shalom, 103 Ashe, Rab, 34 Asher ben Yechiel, 67 Auerbach, Berthold, 108 Augustus, 16 Austria, 79, 91, 92, 94, 95, 98, 105 Auto-da-fe, 60, 61, 81 Avignon, 57 Azariah dei Rossi of Ferrara, 84, 85 Babylonia, 7, 8, 31, 32, 33, 40 Bacharach, Jair Hayyim, 87 Bahya ibn Pakuda, 48, 64 Bajazed II, Sultan, 70 Balkans, 63 Bamberger, Seligman Bär, 105 Barcelona, Disputation at, 58 Bar Kochba, Simeon, 22, 26 Bashjazi, Elijah, 43 Basle, Zionist Congress at, 99 Bavaria, Mobs in, 93 Bela IV, 62 Benedict XIII, 59 — of York, 48 Benjamin of Nehawend, 43 Berlin, 72, 75, 79, 81, 90, 100, 106, 110 —, Treaty of, 97, 99 Bernard of Clairvaux, 47 Bernardin of Feltre, 56, 61 Bernstein, Aaron, 103 Besht, Israel, 78 Bevis of Hampton, Sir, 84 Bialik, Chayim Nachman, 102 Bialystok, 96 Bikure Ha-ittim, 104 Black Plague, 55 Blois, France, 48 Blood-accusation, 47, 53, 56, 61, 78, 79, 98 Bobo book, 83 Boerne, Ludwig, 108 Bohemia, 62 Bonds, Annulling of, 54 Brazil, 81 Breslau, 56, 68 —, Rabbinic Seminary at, 106 Bruna, Israel, Trial of, 68 Bulgaria, 97 Byzantine Empire, 30, 37 Cæsar, 14 Cæsarea, 17 Caligula, 16 Callistus, 23 Calvin, 73 Capistrano, John, 56, 62 Caro, Joseph, 65, 85, 86 Carpentras, 57 Casimir the Great, 62 Cestius Gallus, 18 Champagne, province of, 52 Charlemagne, 39, 46 Charles II of England, 75 — III of France, 39 Charleston, S. C., Reform Congregation at, 109, 110 Charters, 46, 47, 62 Chazars, 44, 49 “Children of the Ghetto,” 103 Chmelnicki, 78 Cincinnati, Rabbinic Seminary of, 106 Claudius, 17 Clemens, Flavius, 21 Clementina, 21 Cohen, Joseph, 88 —, Sabbatai, 86 —, Tobias, 89 Cologne, 56, 92 Colon, Joseph, 68 Conforte, David, 88 Constantine, 29, 46 Constantinople, Conquest of, 63 Cordova, Jews in Caliphate of, 39 Crassus, 14 Cremieux, 100 Crescas, Hasdai, 64 Cromwell, 75, 81 Crusades, 47, 57, 62 Cyril, Bishop of Alexandria, 30 Cyrus, 7 Czars, 96 Dahlberg, Baron von, 92 Damascus, Blood Accusation in, 98 Dante, 65 David Halevi, 86 David ben Zakkai, 42 del Medigo, Jos. Sol., 84 Demetrius I, 11 Dessau, 79 Deuterosis, 30 Deutsch-Israelitischer Gemeinde-Bund, 11 Dialecticism (see Pilpul) Dio Cassius, 21 Diocletian, 28 Disputations, 58, 59 Divina Commedia, 65 Dod Mordecai, 44 Dohm, Christian F., 91 Dominican Friars, 63, 64, 66, 73, 74 Domitian, 20 Donin, Nicholas, 57, 64 Donmah, 77 Donolo, Sabbatai, 45