I. Original Inhabitants of Hellas 1 II. Character of the Greeks 29 III. Geographical Outline 51 IV. Capital Cities of Greece—Athens 70 V. Capital Cities of Greece—Sparta 92 BOOK II. EDUCATION. I. Theory of Education.—Birth of Children.—Infanticide 107 II. Birth-feast.—Naming the Child.—Nursery.—Nursery 128 Tales.—Spartan Festivals III. Toys, Sports, and Pastimes 144 IV. Elementary Instruction 164 V. Exercises of Youth 189 VI. Hunting and Fowling 206 VII. Schools of the Philosophers and Sophists 233 VIII. Education of the Spartans, Cretans, Arcadians,&c. 265 IX. Influence of the Fine Arts on Education 289 X. Hellenic Literature 314 XI. Spirit of the Grecian Religion 349 BOOK III. WOMEN. I. Women in Heroic Ages 369 II. Women of Doric States 382 III. Condition of unmarried Women.—Love. 401 THE HISTORY OF THE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF ANCIENT GREECE. BOOK I. CHAPTER I. ORIGINAL INHABITANTS OF HELLAS. The country of the Hellenes, which, in imitation of the Romans, we denominate Greece, was to its own inhabitants known by the name of Hellas. But the signification of this term was not fixed, being sometimes confined to Greece Proper, at others, comprehending likewise the possessions of the Hellenes in Asia; that is, Hellas within and beyond the Ægæan, as we now say, India within and beyond the Ganges.[3] The progress of the name seems to have been as follows: it designated, originally,[4] a city of Thessaly, built by Hellen son of Deucalion; next, Phthiotis; the whole of Thessaly; all Greece, with the exception sometimes of Peloponnesos, sometimes of Macedonia, sometimes,—which is very remarkable,—of Thessaly itself; sometimes of Epeiros; then all Greece within the Ægæan; afterwards all countries inhabited by Greeks in whatever part of the world; and, lastly, it would appear to have been occasionally employed to signify Athens alone.[5] The most ancient name, Pelasgia, sprang from the race who first, perhaps, peopled that part of Europe.