The History of the Manners and Customs of Ancient Greece, Volume 1 (of 3)St. John, James Augustus
History
The History of the Manners and Customs of Ancient Greece, Volume 1 (of 3)
St. John, James Augustus
Greece -- Social life and customs
Mnaseas of Patræ ap. Sch. Pind. Pyth. iv. 104.—Dion. Hal. (Ant. Rom.
i. 31) is one of those writers who considers the Pelasgi miserable
because they were wanderers. Upon this notion Palmerius remarks
judiciously: “Sed si tales migrationes miseræ sunt, miserrimi olim
Galli majores nostri, qui usque in Asiam, post multas errores, armis
victricibus penetrâsse historiæ omnes testantur, et hoc seculo
miserrimi Tartari et Arabes, qui Nomadice vivunt, et sedes identidem
mutantes, non se miseros existimant, et id genus vitæ Attalicis
conditionibus mutare recusarent.”—Græc. Antiq. p. 60.
It has now been shown how Hellas might have been entirely peopled from
the north; but certain traditions, prevailing from the earliest times,
compel us to admit that some portion, at least, of its population
reached it by a different route; that is, through Asia Minor and the
islands. I have already alluded briefly to the existence of a Pelasgian
tribe in Paphlagonia,[43] that is to say, the Caucons, whose
establishment in this region supplies a link in the chain of proofs by
which we endeavour to connect the Pelasgi with the Scythians of Central
Asia; for the Caucons are admitted to have been of Pelasgian origin, and
an opinion prevailed among the ancients that they were likewise
Scythians.[44] Thus we find that certain Scythians settled in
Paphlagonia, were called Caucons, that the Caucons were Pelasgi, and
that the Pelasgi peopled Greece. The Greeks, therefore, by this account,
traced their origin to Scythia. Circumstances connected with the
geography of Asia Minor and of Hellas, seem to furnish traces of the
route of the Pelasgi westward. It appears to have been among the
primitive articles of their creed, that the deity delighted to abide on
the summits of lofty and even of snowy mountains; and whenever in their
settlements the features of the earth presented any such towering
eminence, they seem to have bestowed on it the name of Olympos, or
Celestial Mansion.[45] Immediately south of the Cauconian settlements,
on the limits of Bithynia and Galacia, we accordingly find a mountain of
this name; again, travelling westward, we have another Mount Olympos, on
the northern confines of Phrygia; a third meets us in the island of
Lesbos;[46] a fourth in Cypros, a fifth in Arcadia,[47] a sixth in Elis,
and a seventh, best known of all, near the cradle of the Hellenes in
Thessaly. In Mysia,[48] the footsteps of the race are numerous;
Pelasgian cities—Placia, Scylace, Cyzicos, Antandros—studded the coast;
inland there was a Larissa;[49] and the lovely-leafed evergreen, which
shaded the slopes and crags of the Trojan Ida, was named the Pelasgian
laurel.[50] Other facts there are connecting the Trojans with the
Pelasgian stock: thus the Caucons, whom we find among their allies in
Homer, are called a Trojan tribe; the language of Troy was evidently a
Pelasgian dialect, closely allied to the Greek,[51] which may likewise
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