The History of the Manners and Customs of Ancient Greece, Volume 1 (of 3)St. John, James Augustus
History
The History of the Manners and Customs of Ancient Greece, Volume 1 (of 3)
St. John, James Augustus
Greece -- Social life and customs
But the various families of the Hellenes were not all equally endowed
with the energy and intellect which belonged to their race; some
possessed more of these qualities, others less, and there were besides
in operation numerous peculiar and local causes which modified the forms
of polity adopted by the various states of Greece. The heavier, the
colder, the more inert naturally chose that form of government which
would least tax their mental faculties, and most completely relieve them
from the care of public affairs, in order the more sedulously to attend
to their own; while the fierier, the busier, more active and buoyant
preferred that political constitution which would afford their energetic
natures most employment, and supply a legitimate outlet for the ardour
and impetuosity of their temperament. Thus, in certain communities there
was a leaning towards monarchy, in others towards oligarchy; in a third
class towards aristocracy; while Athens and some few smaller states
preferred the stir, bustle, and incessant animation of democracy.
Again these institutions, springing at first out of national
idiosyncrasies, became in their turn among the most active causes which
impressed the stamp of individuality on the population of each separate
state: for the principle which animates a form of government is not a
barren principle, but impregnates, leavens, and vivifies the community
subjected to its influence, and produces an offspring analogous to the
source from which it sprang. Thus, in monarchies the summits of a nation
are rich with verdure and glorious with light; in aristocracies a broad
table-land is fertilized and rendered beautiful; while in commonwealths,
properly so called, the whole surface of society unrolls itself like a
vast plain to the sun, and receives the light and comfort, and
invigorating influence of its beams:—and all these various modifications
of civil polity were at different times and in different parts of the
country beheld in Greece, where they produced their natural fruits.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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