The History of the Manners and Customs of Ancient Greece, Volume 1 (of 3)St. John, James Augustus
History
The History of the Manners and Customs of Ancient Greece, Volume 1 (of 3)
St. John, James Augustus
Greece -- Social life and customs
But to proceed: in rich and elaborate decorations the Parthenon
resembled the temple of Tentyris. Every part of its exterior, where
ornament was admissible, presented to the eye some creation of Hellenic
taste and fancy, figures in high and low relief, grouped in action or
repose, conceived and executed in a style worthy of the prince of the
mimetic art.[269] Many wrecks of these matchless compositions are now
protected from further defacements in the metropolis of Great Britain,
but withal so mutilated and decayed that none but a practised eye can
discern, through the ravages of age, all the sunshine of beauty and
loveliness which beamed from them when fresh from the Pheidian chisel.
One of the greatest works of this artist filled the interior of the
Parthenon with the emanations of its beauty, the statue of Athena in
ivory and gold,[270] which, representing a form distinguished for all
the softness and roundness belonging to womanhood, and a countenance
radiant with the highest intellect, must in some respects have borne
away the palm from the Olympian Zeus; for in the latter, after all,
nothing beyond masculine energy, dignity, majesty could have existed.
These indeed were so blended, so subdued into a glorious and god-like
serenity, that this creation of human genius, like the august being of
which it was a mute type, possessed in a degree the celestial power of
chasing away sadness and sorrow, and shedding benignity and happiness
over all who beheld it.[271] But for men at least, the Zeus must have
lacked some attributes possessed by the Athena. She was in all her
etherial loveliness, a woman still, but without a woman’s weakness, or a
single taint of earth. The Athenians paid the highest possible
compliment to womanhood when they gave wisdom a female form; and the
delicacy of the thought was enhanced by surrounding this mythological
creation with an atmosphere of purity which no other divinity of the
pagan heaven could lay claim to. Nor in beauty did Athena yield even to
Aphrodite herself. Her charms partook indeed of that noble severity
which belongs to virtue; and to intimate that she was rather of heaven
than of earth, her eyes were of the colour of the firmament. Yet this
spiritual elevation above the reach of the passions, only appears to
have enhanced, in the estimation of the Athenians, the splendour of her
personal beauty, which shed its chastening and ennobling influence among
her worshippers like the droppings of a summer cloud.
Footnote 269:
Vid. Müll. De Parthenon. Fastig. p. 72, sqq.
Footnote 270:
Thucyd. ii. 13. Schol. t. v. p. 375. Bipont. Müll. De Phid. Vit. p.
22.
Footnote 271:
Arrian. Epict. I. 6. p. 27, seq.
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