One sort of rouge[681] appears to have been obtained from a species of sea-moss or wrake,[682] which some have confounded with the anchusa,[683] though the grammarians enumerate them as things entirely different. One of the commentators supposes the _purpurissa_ to be meant, by which the Romans understood a sort of cheek-varnish, vermilion, or Spanish paint. There was in use a pigment for the eyebrows, called Hypogramma,[684] and the edges of the eyelids were tinged black with Stimmis,[685] an oxyde of antimony, which still constitutes one of the articles of the female toilette in the East. Sometimes the eyebrows were blackened with resin soot,[686] and the eyelashes caused to lie regularly by naphtha,[687] and a sort of paste composed of glue and pounded marble.[688] Another curious cosmetic was, the Adarces,[689] a substance resembling congealed froth, found on reeds and the dry stalks of plants about the ponds and marshes of Cappadocia. It was said to remove freckles, and enjoyed, likewise, great credit in medicine. A preparation composed of the flour of turnip-seed, lupines, wheat, darnel, and chick-peas, was used for clearing the skin; so, likewise, were the Chian and Selinusian earths,[690] which removed wrinkles, and rendered the skin smooth and shining. They were in constant use in the baths. Cassia,[691] honey,[692] pepper,[693] and myrrh,[694] cured pimples and effaced spots; fenugreek[695] whitened the hands and removed sunburns; briony,[696] isinglass,[697] costos,[698] galbanum,[699] lupines, rainwater,[700] radishes,[701] and hare’s blood,[702] the biscutella didyma,[703] truffles,[704] cinnamon,[705] linseed,[706] ladanum,[707] iris-roots,[708] white hellebore,[709] Sardinian honey,[710] onion-juice,[711] and spring-wheat, moistened with oxymel,[712] were among the principal preparations for removing moles and freckles, and beautifying the skin. In some parts of Greece elm-juice,[713] expressed at the first putting forth of the leaves in spring, was employed to give clearness and resplendency to the complexion. Almond-paste,[714] also, with the roots of the bitter almond-tree, effaced spots from the skin. Others, for the same purpose, made use of the berries of the wild-vine,[715] and a paste was prepared from lilies which induced fairness, and rendered the face smooth and shining.[716] To protect the complexion from the sun, the whole countenance was varnished, as it were, with white of egg;[717] and some women, possibly rustics, used goose and hen’s grease as a cosmetic.[718] The roots of the spikenard, when imported from the East, usually retained about them a little of the soil in which the plant had grown:[719] this was carefully rubbed off, and having been passed through a fine sieve, was used for washing the hands, as it probably retained something of the fragrance of the plant. Rose leaves, reduced to powder, were sprinkled over persons as they issued from the bath,