says _Chrysostom_[42], is charged with the Instruction not of any particular Nation or City, but of the whole World; but a Bishop must reside, says the same Writer[43], and be employed in one Place: and therefore St. _Peter_, who knew these two Duties to be inconsistent, if he was ever at _Rome_, committed there, as he did in other Places, the Episcopal Charge to others, and pursued his Apostolical Office, which required a more extensive Care. [Sidenote: _Whether_ James _the Apostle was Bishop of_ Jerusalem.] But St. _James_, say the Popish Writers, though an Apostle, was appointed Bishop of _Jerusalem_; and why might not St. _Peter_, though an Apostle, undertake the Episcopacy of _Rome_? It is surprising they should lay so much Stress as they do on this Objection, since they must know it to be grounded on an Uncertainty; as _Eusebius_ the greatest Antiquary of former Times[44], _Hegesippus_ the most antient Historian[45], _Epiphanius_[46], _Jerom_[47] _Gregory of Nysse_[48], _Chrysostom_[49], and many others, reckon _James_ Bishop of _Jerusalem_, not among the _Apostles_, but the Seventy Disciples. Of the same Opinion among the Moderns, are _Grotius_[50], Dr. _Hammond_[51], _Valesius_[52], _Blondel_[53], and _Salmasius_[54]. The last of these saying, after his positive and confident manner, _It is certain that he was not one of the Twelve_, I may at least say, it is not certain that he was; and consequently the Objection can be of no considerable Weight. But allowing him to have been one of the Twelve, as some of the Antients seem to think[55], there was a special Reason, why one of the Apostles should be appointed to reside at _Jerusalem_, that City being the Metropolis, the Fountain, the Centre of the Christian Religion; our Faith had there had its Birth; the Church was there very numerous, consisting of many Thousands of believing _Jews_[56]; and thither resorted great Numbers of those of that Nation, who were converted to Christ in other Countries. On these Considerations it might seem expedient, that a Person of the greatest Authority should preside there. But there was no special Reason why an Apostle should constantly reside at any other Place, nor does it appear that any did: St. _Peter_ especially could not reside at any one Place, since to him, as _the Apostle of the Circumcision_, was committed the Charge of converting the dispersed _Jews_ in all Parts of the World. [Sidenote: _What meant by the_ Apostolic See, Chair, Throne, _&c._]