The history of the seal of the United StatesHunt, Gaillard
History
The history of the seal of the United States
Hunt, Gaillard
United States -- History
Soon after the seal was adopted the obverse was cut in brass; but the
identity of the engraver is unknown. It was intended to be impressed in
wax over a paper wafer, and is found on a commission dated September 16,
1782, granting full power and authority to General Washington to arrange
with the British for exchange of prisoners of war. The commission is
signed by John Hanson, President of Congress, and countersigned by
Charles Thomson, Secretary, the seal being affixed in the upper
left-hand corner, instead of the lower left-hand corner as is now the
custom. This, the first great seal to be made, continued in use for
fifty-nine years, and having been cut almost as soon as the design was
adopted may fairly be assumed to represent correctly the intentions of
the makers of the seal.
The second or Lovell committee recommended a “less seal of the United
States” of the same design as the great seal but of smaller diameter,
but no other committee took cognizance of the custom which still
prevails in many countries of having two principal seals of state. The
idea had not, however, wholly disappeared when the Constitution was
adopted, for in the first Congress John Vining of Delaware proposed
(June, 1789) that a Home Department be provided for and that the
Secretary be required to “keep the great seal, and affix the same to all
public papers, when it is necessary; to keep the lesser seal, and affix
it to commissions &c.”
In the debate which preceded the defeat of the bill, Alexander White of
Virginia said the great seal might be kept by the Secretary of Foreign
Affairs, and the lesser seal also.[29] No direct proposition was made,
however, to create a lesser seal.
When the Congress under the Articles of Confederation ceased to exist
and the new Government went into operation Charles Thomson continued in
charge of the great seal and of the records of the old Government, until
provision for their custody should be made. On July 24, 1789, Washington
as President wrote to him:
You will be pleased, Sir, to deliver the Books, Records and Papers of
the late Congress—the Great Seal of the federal Union—and the Seal of
the Admiralty, to Mr. Roger Alden, the late Deputy Secretary of
Congress, who is requested to take charge of them until further
directions shall be given.
Thus terminated Thomson’s connection with the seal which he had done so
much to design and have adopted. Alden afterwards described his own
appointment as that of keeper of the seals and papers of the old
Congress.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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