The history of the seal of the United States — John Shaqi
The history of the seal of the United StatesHunt, Gaillard
History
The history of the seal of the United States
Hunt, Gaillard
United States -- History
The Great Seals of England, by Alfred Benjamin and Allen Wyon, London,
1888. Review in The Spectator, 61, 173.
Footnote 5:
Familiar Letters of John Adams and his Wife, 210.
Footnote 6:
Journals of the Continental Congress (W. C. Ford, editor), 1906, V,
690 _n._
Footnote 7:
Our Great Seal, by C. A. L. Totten, 1, 25, gives a reproduction of the
frontispiece.
Footnote 8:
Reports of Committees relating to Congress, vol. 23, Continental
Congress MSS. All the committee reports bearing on the seal are in
this volume.
Footnote 9:
See note at the end for a glossary of heraldic terms used.
Footnote 10:
Delaware counties.
Footnote 11:
Journals of Congress (W. C. Ford, editor), 1906, V, 689.
Footnote 12:
See, however, Historic Side-lights, by Howard Payson Arnold, p. 284.
Footnote 13:
Writings of Jefferson (P. L. Ford), edition of 1892, I, p. 420.
Footnote 14:
The first use of the motto is traced in Preble’s History of the
American Flag, p. 694.
Footnote 15:
Memoirs of Thomas Hollis, Esq., F. R. and A. S. S.; London: MDCCLXXX;
vol. 2, p. 789.
Footnote 16:
Randall’s Life of Jefferson, 3, 585.
This would seem to be conclusive, but since the writer prepared his
brochure on the great seal in 1892 several people whose opinions are
entitled to consideration have expressed a doubt whether the
inscription does not, or at any rate did not, exist. Bradshaw died
during the closing years of the Commonwealth and was buried in
Westminster Abbey. Upon the Restoration his body was disinterred and
hanged, when several other regicides were executed, after which the
trunk was thrown into a hole at the foot of the gallows and the head
publicly displayed, as the custom was in those times. Some members of
the court of which he was president are said to have gone to Jamaica,
and it was declared by some that Bradshaw spread the report of his
death and retired secretly to that island. There is even a surviving
rumor that he and his colleagues were in this country, and a
well-known landmark near New Haven is the “Regicides’ Cave.” In all of
this we see merely an example of one of those myths which so often
surround the death of one whose life was peculiarly conspicuous. In
Bradshaw’s case his double burial in England would still not render
impossible a third burial in Jamaica, and even if he was not buried
there an inscription upon a cannon in his commemoration might possibly
have once existed. But the whole story was investigated in the
beginning of the last century by Bryan Edwards, the historian of the
West Indies, whose work is an authority. In the fifth edition (London,
1819) of his History of the West Indies (vol. 1, p. 213) he says:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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