[46] Hamor, _A True Discourse of the Present Estate of Virginia_ (ed. 1860). [47] The characters of the two parties is controversial owing to the scarcity of documentary evidence. [48] Doyle, _op. cit._ p. 220. [49] _Ibid._, p. 226. [50] There was no question of abandoning the colony itself, which was what Spain desired. [51] Doyle, _op. cit._ pp. 242, 244. [52] Gardiner, _History of the Commonwealth_, i. 317. [53] Neill, _Virginia Carolorum_ (1886), p. 215. [54] _Cromwell's Speech V._, Sept. 17, 1656. [55] Hening, _Statutes at Large_ (New York, 1823), ii. p. 517. [56] _Calendar of State Papers_, Colonial, 1669-1674, p. 64. [57] _Calendar of State Papers_, Colonial, 1669-1674, p. 530. [58] _Strange News from Virginia_ (1677), p. 8. [59] _Calendar of State Papers_, Colonial, 1677-1680, p. 64. [60] _Ibid._, p. 67. [61] _Ibid._, p. iv. [62] Fortescue, _Introduction to Calendar_, 1677-1680, p. v. [63] _Calendar of State Papers_, Colonial, 1677-1680, p. 589. [64] See p. 93. [65] _Calendar of State Papers_, Colonial, 1697, p. 642. [66] _Itinerant Observations_, p. 62. CHAPTER III THE COLONISATION OF MARYLAND AND THE CAROLINAS "Maryland is a province not commonly knowne in England, because the name of Virginia includes or clouds it, it is a Country wholy belonging to that honorable Gentleman the Lord Baltamore."[67] Such is the description of the colony that now comes before us, and at the time it was penned John Hammond, the writer, told the truth. The colony had arisen under rather peculiar circumstances, which neither resembled the foundation of Virginia nor the settlement of the Pilgrim Fathers. In 1632 Charles I. granted to George Calvert, first Lord Baltimore, an ill-defined tract of territory to the north of Virginia. Baltimore was an old hand at colonisation, for he had some years previous attempted to form a settlement in Newfoundland which had not been successful. David Kirke, who took over the Baltimore lands there, said that Newfoundland agreed with all God's creatures except Jesuits and schismatics, and that a great mortality among the former tribe had driven Baltimore away. Whether this was the true reason, or whether, as it has been proposed, Baltimore was practically driven out by the Presbyterians, it is hard to decide. His next trial as a colony founder was made in the more southern lands of Virginia, but here his Roman Catholicism was sternly opposed by the English Church party. Under these circumstances his Maryland colony seemed likely to flourish, for there were neither schismatics nor churchmen, nor Presbyterians, but only Indians to contend against. Before the first Lord Baltimore could accomplish anything he died, but the grant was transferred to his son Cecil. The charter is an important one, for by it the Proprietors gained both territorial and political rights; the freemen or representative assembly were to be consulted, and with their advice the Proprietor could enact laws.