Among the many animal forms which the leader of the Sabbat (the “Devil”) assumed in masquerade the most common are the bull, the cat, and above all the goat. Thus the Basque term for the Sabbat is “Akhelarre,” “goat pasture.” Sometimes the leader is simply said to have shown himself in the shape of a beast, which possibly points to the traditional disguise of a black hairy skin, horns, hoofs, claws, and a tail, in fact the same dress as a demon wore upon the stage.[67] In an old German ballad, _Druten Zeitung_, printed at Smalcald in 1627, “to be sung to the tune of _Dorothea_,” it is said that the judges, anxious to extort a confession from a witch, sent down into her twilight dungeon the common hangman dressed in a bear’s skin with horns, hoofs, and tail complete. The miserable prisoner thinking that Lucifer had indeed visited her at once appealed to him for help: Man shickt ein Henkersnecht Zu ihr in Gefängniss n’unter, Den man hat kleidet recht, Mit einer Bärnhaute, Als wenns der Teufel wär; Als ihm die Drut anschaute Meints ihr Bühl kam daher. Here we have a curious and perhaps unique example of the demoniac masquerade subtly used to obtain evidence of guilt by a trick. The Aberdeen witch Jonet Lucas (1597) said that the Devil was at the Sabbat “beand in likenes of ane beist.” But Agnes Wobster of the same company declared that “Satan apperit to them in the likenes of a calff,” so possibly two masquerades were employed. Gabriel Pellé (1608) confessed that he attended a Sabbat presided over by the Devil, and “le Diable estoit en vache noire.”[68] Françoise Secretain, who was tried in August, 1598, saw the Devil “tantost en forme de chat.” Rolande de Vernois acknowledged “Le Diable se presenta pour lors au Sabbat en forme d’vn groz chat noir.”[69] To the goat there are innumerable allusions. In the Basses-Pyrénées (1609): “Le Diable estoit en forme de bouc ayant vne queue & audessous vn visage d’homme noir.” (The Devil appeared in the form of a goat having a tail & his fundament was the face of a black man.) Iohannis d’Aguerre said that the Devil was “en forme de bouc.”[70] “Marie d’Aguerre said that there was in the midst of the ring an immense pitcher whence the Devil issued in the form of a goat.” Gentien le Clerc, who was tried at Orleans in 1614, “said that, as he was told, his mother when he was three years old presented him at the Sabbat to a goat whom they saluted as l’Aspic.”[71] “Sur le trône,” writes Görres, “est assis un bouc, ou du moins la forme d’un bouc, car le démon ne peut cacher ce qu’il est.”[72]