The history of witchcraft and demonologySummers, Montague
History
The history of witchcraft and demonology
Summers, Montague
Demonology; Demonology -- History; Witchcraft; Witchcraft -- History
Demoniacal possession is frequently described and alluded to by the early
fathers and apologists in matter-of-fact terms which leave no shadow of
doubt as to their belief in this regard. Indeed the success of Christian
exorcism is often brought forward as an argument for the acceptance of
the Divinity of the founder of Christianity. It would be an easy, but
a very lengthy process, to make a catena of such passages from Greek
and Latin authors alike.[46] S. Justin Martyr (_ob._ _circa_ A.D. 165)
speaks of demons flying from “the touch and breathing of Christians”
(_Apologia_, II, 6), “as from a flame that burns them,” adds S. Cyril
of Jerusalem (_ob._ 385-6: _Catechesis_, XX, 3). Origen (_ob._ 253-4)
mentions the laying on of hands to cast out devils, whilst S. Ambrose[47]
(_ob._ 397), S. Ephrem Syrus[48] (_ob._ 373), and others used this
ceremony when exorcizing. The holy sign of the Cross also is extolled by
many Fathers for its efficacy against all kinds of diabolic molestation;
thus Lactantius writes: “Nunc satis est, huius signi [Crucis] potentiam,
quantum ualeat exponere. Quanto terrori sit dæmonibus hoc signum,
sciet, qui uiderit, quatenus adiurati per Christum, de corporibus, quæ
obsederint, fugiant,”[49] _Diuinarum Institutionum_, IV, xxvii.[50] S.
Athanasius (_ob._ 373), _De Incarnatione Uerbi_, XLVII; S. Basil (_ob._
379), _In Esaiam_, XI, 249; S. Cyril of Jerusalem, _Catechesis_, XIII;
S. Gregory of Nazianzus (_ob._ _circa_ 389), _Carmen aduersus Iram_, 415
_sqq._, all have passages of no little weight to the same effect. S.
Cyril, _Procatechesis_, IX; and S. Athanasius, _Ad Marcellum_, XXIII,
recommend that the prayers of exorcism and the adjuration should as far
as possible repeat the exact words of Holy Scripture.
In the annals of hagiography we find from the earliest days until our
own time very many instances of possession, very many cases where a poor
afflicted wretch has been released and relieved by the power and prayer
of some Saint or holy servant of God.[51]
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