The history of witchcraft and demonologySummers, Montague
History
The history of witchcraft and demonology
Summers, Montague
Demonology; Demonology -- History; Witchcraft; Witchcraft -- History
There are examples in history, even in hagiography, of sorcerers who
have been converted. One of the most famous of these is S. Theophilus
the Penitent;[46] and even yet more renowned is S. Cyprian of Antioch
who, with S. Justina, suffered martyrdom during the persecution of
Diocletian at Nicomedia, 26 September, 304.[47] Blessed Gil of Santarem,
a Portuguese Dominican, in his youth excelled in philosophy and medicine.
Whilst on his way from Coimbra to the University of Paris he fell into
company with a courteous stranger who offered to teach him the black art
at Toledo. As payment the stranger required that Gil should make over his
soul to the Devil and sign the contract with his blood. After complying
with the conditions he devoted seven years to magical studies, and then
proceeding to Paris easily obtained the degree of doctor of medicine.
Gil, however, repented, burned his books of spells, and returned to
Portugal, where he took the habit of S. Dominic. After a long life of
penitence and prayer he died at Santarem, 14 May, 1205, and here his body
is still venerated.[48] His cult was ratified by Benedict XIV, 9 March,
1748. His feast is observed 14 May.
The contract made by the witch was usually for the term of her life,
but sometimes it was only for a number of years, at the end of which
period the Devil was supposed to kill his votary. Reginald Scot remarks:
“Sometimes their homage with their oth and bargaine is receiued for a
certeine terme of yeares; sometimes for ever.”[49] Magdalena de la Cruz,
a Franciscan nun, born at Aquilar in 1487, entered the convent of Santa
Isabel at Cordova in 1504. She acquired an extraordinary reputation
for sanctity, and was elected abbess in 1533, 1536, and 1539. Scarcely
five years later she was a prisoner of the Inquisition, with charges of
Witchcraft proven against her. She confessed that in 1499 a spirit who
called himself by the grotesque name Balbar, with a companion Pithon,
appeared to her at the tender age of twelve, and she made a contract
with him for the space of forty-one years. In 1543 she was seized with
a serious illness, during which she confessed her impostures and demonic
commerce. She was confined for the rest of her life as a penitent in a
house of the utmost austerity. Joan Williford, a witch of Faversham,
acknowledged “that the Devil promised to be her servant about twenty
yeeres, and that the time is now almost expired.”[50] In 1646 Elizabeth
Weed, a witch of Great Catworth in Huntingdonshire, confessed that “the
Devill then offer’d her that hee would doe what mischiefe she should
require him; and said she must covenant with him that he must have her
soule at the end of one and twenty years which she granted.”[51] In 1664,
a Somerset sorceress, Elizabeth Style, avowed that the Devil “promised
her Mony, and that she should live gallantly, and have the pleasure of
the World for Twelve years, if she would with her Blood sign his Paper,
which was to give her Soul to him.”[52]
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