The History of Yiddish Literature in the Nineteenth CenturyWiener, Leo
History
The History of Yiddish Literature in the Nineteenth Century
Wiener, Leo
Yiddish literature -- History and criticism
In 1873 hardly any one dreamed of the possibility of the riots against
the Jews that were to be inaugurated eight years later, for it was just
then that the highest privileges had been granted to them, and the
assimilation had been going on to such an extent that Judeo-German
literature would have been a thing of the past, had not the writers of
the previous decade continued now and then to issue a volume of their
works. But Abramowitsch saw that the reforms of Alexander II. were not
conceived in the same liberal spirit as had been proposed by Nicholas
I., and that sooner or later they would be followed by retrenchments
such as would throw the Jews back into conditions far worse than those
they had been in half a century before; for they would find no avenues
for their many new energies which they had developed in the meanwhile.
It is this coming event that the author has depicted in his fantastic
story, 'The Dobbin.' Jisrolik has made up his mind to acquire Gentile
culture, and he is preparing himself for an examination in the
Gymnasium. He falls in with a Dobbin that is pursued by everybody, and
this so affects him, together with the worry over his examination, that
he becomes demented, and he imagines that the Dobbin is talking to him.
After that the animal is introduced as a transmigrated soul that tells
its biography. The Dobbin is the personification of the Jewish race. The
book was very popular, and although there was a demand for new editions,
the Russian Government would not permit them, as even this veiled
allegory appeared to it as too open an accusation of its acts. Only
sixteen years later the censor relaxed and allowed a second edition to
appear.
In 1879 there was published by Abramowitsch a volume entitled 'The
Wanderings of Benjamin the Third,'[85] which is an excellent pendant to
Cervantes's famous work and which has therefore been called by its
Polish translator 'The Jewish Don Quixote.' The subject of his
caricature was a real fellow, named Tscharny, who had been employed by
some French society to undertake a scientific journey into the Caucasus,
but who was entirely unfit for the work, as he had a very superficial
knowledge of geography. For his more immediate purpose Abramowitsch
copied a crazy fellow who was all the time citing passages from a
fantastic Hebrew geography he had been poring over. Out of this
Abramowitsch evolved the story of the Quixotic fellow who starts out to
discover the mystic river Sambation and the tribe of the Red Jews, but
who never gets any further than the town of Berdichev and its dirty
river Gnilopyat.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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