The subject is begun with a report on the occupations of the boy’s family, his friends, and neighbors, and a study of the industrial life on his block. The boy is given the problem of classifying these occupations and grouping the workers according to his classification. He is then given as standards the figures from the United States and State census for gainful occupations in the United States, New York State, New York City, Manhattan and Bronx Boroughs, which he must express graphically. Then he combines the figures collected by the boys of his section (some forty) and his class (some five hundred). The results show, of course, that the manufacturing and mechanical pursuits and trade and transportation are the great groups of city industries. We take manufacturing first as being nearer the boy, and we begin the study of the problem of the manufacturer, from a table specially prepared by us from the census report on the concentration of important manufactures in forty-seven cities. The problem is formulated as being the assembling of raw material, power, labor and capital at a place most convenient to its market. Each of these factors is studied in detail. The following are some of the topics discussed under labor: population; its composition, its growth from immigration, from migration and from excess of births over deaths; the effect of an increase from each source upon the efficiency of the workers of the city; the location and distribution of the labor force throughout the city; the effect of the sanitary regulations of the Board of Health and housing regulations of the Tenement House Department, etc.; the systems of employment; why the help, handicraft and the domestic systems still survive in this city; the important manufactures of this city, together with the kind of labor they use; and how the labor supply has affected them; what manufactures are leaving the city on account of the labor; what manufactures are coming in because of an abundant supply of cheap labor; the distribution of manufactures throughout Manhattan and the greater city; and how this distribution is related to the distribution of labor; how transportation improvements modify this distribution, etc. In a similar way are treated the problem of a supply of power, of a supply of capital, of a supply of raw material and of access to a market. The natural advantages New York has for commerce, its harbors, its inland water-ways, its situation, and its hinterland, with its products, is the first topic taken up in the second half-term. The improvements of these natural advantages and the sharing of the work of improvement on the high seas, throughout the hinterland and in the harbor by the national, State and city governments respectively is the second topic. The general idea of a great seaport that the boys formulate from a study of the great ports of the world, is that it is favorably situated on the coast, where it can draw unto itself the