The Hobo: The Sociology of the Homeless ManAnderson, Nels
General
The Hobo: The Sociology of the Homeless Man
Anderson, Nels
Chicago (Ill.) -- Social conditions; Tramps
The food the hobo receives on the job is not always palatable, nor
does it always come up to the requirements of a balanced diet or
the caloric needs of a workingman. In the business of feeding the
men, considerable exploitation enters which the men are powerless
to prevent. The boarding contracts are often left to boarding
companies that agree to feed the men and furnish bunks for prices
ranging (since the war) from five to eight dollars a week. For the
privilege of boarding the workers, they agree to keep the gangs
filled. Often in the West the men furnish their own beds, but
private “bundle beds” are passing. Some companies furnish good
beds, but the general rule is to supply a tick that may be filled
with straw and a couple of quilts which are charged to the worker
until he returns them. These quilts and blankets are often used
again and again by different men without being cleaned during a
whole season.
Several boarding companies maintain free employment agencies in
Chicago, well known to the hobo and generally disliked. The
chief complaint against them is that in hard times, when men are
plentiful, there is a tendency to drop on the quality and the
quantity of the food. In such an event the monotony of the menu
and the unsavory manner in which food is prepared is a scandal
in Hoboland. However, all complaints against boarding companies
are not due to bad food. Poor cooking is another ground for much
dissatisfaction. Efficient camp cooks are rare and too high priced
for the average boarding company.
THE HEALTH OF THE MAN ON THE “STEM”
The hazards the homeless man takes while at work in the city are
far less than on the seasonal out-of-town work. The health problem
of the transient “on the stem” is nevertheless serious. It is not
so much a problem of work conditions as of hotels and lodging
accommodations and restaurants.
The cheap lodging-houses and hotels in Chicago are under the
surveillance of the Chicago Department of Health. The department
has done much to keep down contagion and to raise the standards
of these places. Infectious diseases have been more rare here
than in hotels in the Loop. These hotels survived the influenza
epidemics as well as any in the city. There has been a gradual
rise in the standards of health and sanitation of the hotels and
lodging-houses, but just how much this is due to the watchful
care of the Department of Health cannot be said. Other factors,
such as business competition, may also have entered in to improve
conditions.
In many respects the cheap workingmen’s hotels still fall far
below the standards set by law. Indeed, if all of them lived up
to the letter of the law in every respect, many would find it
unprofitable to operate. These hotels are in buildings that were
erected for other purposes, buildings that cannot be adequately
made over to accommodate comfortably hundreds of men.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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