The Hobo: The Sociology of the Homeless ManAnderson, Nels
General
The Hobo: The Sociology of the Homeless Man
Anderson, Nels
Chicago (Ill.) -- Social conditions; Tramps
Eye trouble was listed separately because these were ailments that
were passing. Three of the men had weak eyes and this condition had
been aggravated by train riding and loss of sleep. One man had been
gassed in the army and his eyes suffered from the wind and bright
light. Only one man admitted that he was suffering from a venereal
disease.
Both men suffering from tuberculosis were miners. Both had been in
hospitals for treatment. One of them was in a precarious condition.
The men listed as oversized and undersized might be properly
considered physically handicapped. Two of them were uncomfortably
fat while the other two were conspicuously under weight and height.
THE HOBO’S HEALTH ON THE JOB
Often the seasonal work sought by the migratory worker is located
in out-of-the-way places or with little or no medical or sanitary
supervision. Sometimes there are not even tents for the men to
sleep in. Life and work in the open, so conducive to health on
bright, warm days, involves exposure in cold and stormy weather.
In the northwest, where rain is so abundant that workers suffer
considerably from exposure, strikes have even been called to
enforce demands for warm, dry bunkhouses.
In addition to the exposure to the elements there are other hazards
the migratory and casual workers run. On most of his jobs, whether
in the woods, the swamps, in the sawmills, or the mines and
quarries, in the harvest, on bridges or on the highways, the hobo
faces danger. Since he is in the habit of working only a few days
at the time, a well-paying, hazardous job appeals to him. The not
infrequent accidents are serious since few of these foot-loose men
carry insurance.
Seasonal labor generally consists of hard work like shoveling or
lifting and carrying heavy loads. Only men who can do hard work
are wanted. Not much so-called “light work” aside from a few jobs
in kitchens, in stables, or about camps is open to the transient.
Many homeless men are not physically able to do eight or ten hours’
hard labor without suffering. They are often weak from eating poor
food or from dissipation. Even if they go on a job with their minds
made up to remain one or two months they are often obliged to leave
after a few days. Often the hobo works on jobs where there is no
medical attention. Sometimes, where the job includes large numbers
of men, a physician is hired to go from camp to camp. He is usually
known as a “pill peddler” and all he pretends to do is give first
aid to the injured and treat passing ailments. Serious cases he
sends to the hospital.
Big industrial organizations usually carry some sort of medical
insurance and in some cases accident insurance. This system of
workingmen’s compensation for industrial accidents is maintained
sometimes by fees taken from the pay of the men, sometimes entirely
by the employer. The accident compensation, the hospital, and
medical privileges apply only to ailments and injuries caused by
his work.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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