CHAPTER IV. Restoration of the Empire in the West. The Franks 34 Italy under Greeks and Lombards 37 The Iconoclastic Schism 38 Alliance of the Popes with the Frankish Kings 39 The Frankish Conquest of Italy 41 Adventures and Plans of Pope Leo III 43 Coronation of Charles the Great 48 CHAPTER V. Empire and Policy of Charles. Import of the Coronation at Rome 52 Accounts given in the Annals of the time 53 Question as to the Intentions of Charles 58 Legal Effect of the Coronation 62 Position of Charles towards the Church 64 Towards his German Subjects 67 Towards the other Races of Europe 70 General View of his Character and Policy 72 CHAPTER VI. Carolingian and Italian Emperors. Reign of Lewis I 76 Dissolution of the Carolingian Empire 78 Beginnings of the German Kingdom 79 Italian Emperors 80 Otto the Saxon King 84 Coronation of Otto at Rome 87 CHAPTER VII. Theory of the Mediæval Empire. The World Monarchy and the World Religion 91 Unity of the Christian Church 94 Influence of the Doctrine of Realism 97 The Popes as heirs to the Roman Monarchy 99 Character of the revived Roman Empire 102 Respective Functions of the Pope and the Emperor 104 Proofs and Illustrations 109 Interpretations of Prophecy 112 Two remarkable Pictures 116 CHAPTER VIII. The Roman Empire and the German Kingdom. The German or East Frankish Monarchy 122 Feudality in Germany 123 Reciprocal Influence of the Roman and Teutonic Elements on the Character of the Empire 127 CHAPTER IX. Saxon and Franconian Emperors.