Political Import of the Peace of Westphalia 337 Hippolytus a Lapide and his Book 339 Changes in the Germanic Constitution 340 Narrowed Bounds of the Empire 341 Condition of Germany after the Peace 342 The Balance of Power 345 The Hapsburg Emperors and their Policy 348 The Emperor Charles VII 351 The Empire in its last Phase 352 Feelings of the German People 354 CHAPTER XX. Fall of the Empire. The Emperor Francis II 356 Napoleon as the Representative of the Carolingians 357 The French Empire 360 Napoleon's German Policy 361 The Confederation of the Rhine 362 End of the Empire 363 The German Confederation 364 CHAPTER XXI. Conclusion: General Summary. Causes of the Perpetuation of the Name of Rome 366 Parallel instances: Claims now made to represent the Roman Empire 367 Parallel afforded by the History of the Papacy 369 In how far was the Empire really Roman 374 Imperialism: Ancient and Modern 375 Essential Principles of the Mediæval Empire 377 Influence of the Imperial System in Germany 378 The Claim of Modern Austria to represent the Mediæval Empire 381 Results of the Influence of the Empire upon Europe 383 Upon Modern Jurisprudence 383 Upon the Development of the Ecclesiastical Power 384 Struggle of the Empire with three Hostile Principles 388 Its Relations, Past and Present, to the Nationalities of Europe 390 Conclusion: Difficulties caused by the Nature of the Subject 392 APPENDIX. NOTE A. On the Burgundies 395 NOTE B. On the Relations to the Empire of the Kingdom of Denmark and the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein 398 NOTE C. On certain Imperial Titles and Ceremonies 400 NOTE D. Hildebert's Lines contrasting the Past and Present of Rome 406 INDEX 407