Indeed, in Islâm it is only necessary to remove the mediæval restriction of the right to complete political existence, which was limited to members of the same community, and to expand the idea of the community to one embracing the whole world, in order to assure absolute world-peace, an absolute command of the divine law. To modern states which have Mohammedans as subjects, protégés, or allies, the beautiful task is reserved of educating these and themselves at the same time to this high conception of human society; rather than leading them back, for their own selfish interests, into the ways of mediæval religious hatred which they were just about to leave. FOOTNOTES: [1] “Eenige Arabische strydschriften besproken,” _Tydschrift van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen_, vol. xxxix., pp. 379-427. [2] My experiences at that time I reported in the February issue of _De Gids_, 1909. [3] On his journeys Grothe, being a German, was continually referred to by Turks as “our friend,” which he translates by _bizim dost_ instead of _dostomuz_, and his Turkish translation for “a German” is always _Alemanly_ instead of _Alman_ or _Almanjaly_. [4] This computation is taken from the speech delivered by the German Emperor in 1898 by the grave of Saladin; the population then appears not to have increased in the last sixteen years. [5] In order to fully appreciate the unctuously-fanatical _fetwa_ and proclamation, one has to bear in mind that the real authors of both documents, Enver, Taläat, _et al._, are practically free-thinkers. [6] It is one of a long series of “Political Pamphlets”--_Politische Flugschriften_--edited by Ernst Jäckh, and which numbers among its contributors Prince von Bülow (again) and other celebrities. Further, Becker published in the collection of _Bonner Vaterländische Reden und Vorträge während des Krieges_ a lecture on “Deutsch-Türkische Interessengemeinschaft” (Community of Interests between Germany and Turkey); in the _Süddeutsche Monatshefte_ an article “England und Egypten,” and in _Das Grössere Deutschland_ an article “England und der Islam.” [7] The following is a short anthology of titles from M. Hartmann’s writings of most recent years: “Der Islam, 1908,” in _Mitteilungen des Seminars für Orient. Spr. in Berlin_, Jahrg. xii., Abt. ii., 1909; _Die Arabische Frage_, Leipzig, 1909; _Der Islam_, Leipzig, 1909; “Die neuere Literatur zum Türkischen Problem” (Recent Publications on the Turkish Question), in _Zeitschrift für Politik_, 1909; _Unpolitische Briefe aus der Türkei_, Leipzig, 1910 (Non-political Letters from Turkey); _Islam, Mission und Politik_, Leipzig, 1912; _Fünf Vorträge über den Islam_, Leipzig, 1912 (Five Lectures on Islâm); “Das Ultimatum des Panislamismus” (on the holy war against Italy), in _Das Freie Wort_, Jahrg. xi., No. 16; “Mission und Kolonialpolitik,” in _Koloniale Rundschau_, Heft 3, März, 1911. [8] “Panislamismus,” _Archiv für Religionswissenschaft_, Bd. vii., 1904.