Here, as at Olympia, punctual attendance was required of the
competitors; those who entered unlawfully were expelled by the servants
of the Amphictyons, who were entrusted with disciplinary power. It was
they who had the superintendence of the games, as well as the right of
judging. Originally both these privileges had belonged to the
inhabitants of Delphi; but after the reorganisation of the games in the
year 586, the duties of superintendents and judges passed to the
Amphictyons, or to officials appointed by them. It seems that we must
distinguish between the Amphictyonic superintendents (ἐπιμεληταί), in
whose hands were the arrangement of the programme, and all matters of
expense, the appointment or ratification of the festive officials, etc.
(ἀγωνοθεσία), and the real umpires (βραβῆς), who had themselves to make
the most important arrangements for the contests, such as assigning the
places for the chariots in the races and giving decisions about the
victory; but we cannot attain any certainty in this matter. Sometimes,
towards the end of the age of Greek freedom, the right of
superintendence was conferred on princes--as, for instance on Philip of
Macedon--and in the time of the Empire it was not unusual for a rich man
to bear the expenses of the ceremony wholly or in great part; though
even here the old custom was, at any rate externally, observed. The
prizes of victory were originally valuable gifts, tripods, etc.; at the
rearrangement of the games the custom originated of giving, instead, a
wreath, as was done at Olympia, made of laurel sacred to Apollo. They
also followed the example of Olympia in introducing lectures and
recitations by historians and poets; thus Gorgias the Sophist, delivered
an oration on one of these occasions. A very important part of the
festival was the great procession (πομπή), in which strangers who came
to the games, embassies with their dedicatory offerings, the officials
and priests, took part; and besides the offerings, which were often very
splendid, valuable treasures, usually kept in the treasuries, were
exhibited; costly weapons and armour, splendid garments and jewels,
vases, etc., were exposed to view, so that this procession, which
probably marched from the suburb Pylaea, upwards to the temple of
Apollo, must have presented a very varied and richly-coloured picture.
As well as the triple sacrifice already mentioned, there were other
solemn sacrifices, among them a hecatomb to Apollo; this was, of course,
connected with the great banquet, at which there was no lack of musical
entertainment.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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