required, so that after the arrival at Eleusis, when the image of the
god had been put in its place, the pilgrims required rest and
refreshment before going on to the remainder of the festival.
The rites at Eleusis also lasted several days. Besides solemn sacrifices
and the festive banquets connected with them, there was the ceremony of
seeking the Maiden (κόρη) and the sacred representations. The former was
an imitation of the sad wanderings of Demeter, when seeking her
daughter, who had been stolen from her; the Mystae ran about with
torches in the white raiments of the Eleusinian sanctuaries, and
frequent jokes, some of a coarse description, reminded them that Demeter
in her wanderings had been similarly cheered in her deep sorrow by the
coarse jests of her maid Iambe. The Mystae also imitated the goddess in
drinking a strengthening potion (κυκεώυ), which, according to a legend,
the goddess drank at Eleusis after her long fast. The main feature,
however, was the performance, on a stage in the sanctuary, of the
mysterious sacred dramas which presented the secret doctrines of the
Eleusinian mysteries to the new initiates, and also brought them clearly
before the eyes of those who had been already initiated. We must not,
however, suppose that all were present at the same representations. It
was, in fact, here that the difference of degrees required different
representations; beginners, among whom there were some not far removed
from the age of childhood, were only admitted to representations
corresponding to the ordinary legends of Demeter and Persephone, while
the highest degrees, which were granted only to those of advanced years,
went beyond these popular presentations, and represented the new-born
Iacchus reunited in bliss with Persephone and Demeter. On these
occasions even the highest dignitaries of the Eleusinia did not scorn to
appear as actors; the Hierophant as the _Demiurgos_, the leader of the
initiates as Helios, the altar priest as Selene, the herald (ίεροκῆρυξ)
as Hermes, etc. These dramas, which fully occupied the eighth and ninth
days, thus concluded the chief part of the ceremony. The last act of
worship was to take two earthen vessels filled with water, as was done
at funerals, and pour them out to east and west amid mystic words
(πλημοχόαι). Then followed some days occupied with entertainments of all
kinds--gymnastic contests, national games, song and dance, and in later
times also scenic representations.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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