If the Hopi should have nearly reached the starvation point, March is
likely to inspire a hope of reaching the end of the disastrous season,
for in sheltered places a few shoots of green appear, and if the
moisture from melting snow is sufficient, perhaps the little _wiwa_
plant springs up, furnishing palatable and nourishing greens. For some
reason March is called the "Prickly-pear moon," and it is the only
month named from a natural object. Perhaps the designation points to a
time when some of the Hopi lived in a clime where the prickly-pear
bloomed in March. This might have been in southern Arizona, whence a
number of clans, for instance, such as the "Agave People," have
derived their names. March ushers in the most disagreeable part of the
year, the season of fierce winds charged with dust and sand which
drift like snow against the sides of the mesas.
This chronicle of the winter of the Hopi, incomplete as it is, shows
that the "Peaceful People" get a great deal of enjoyment out of life
at this season. Many important ceremonies belong to the wintertime and
there are conventions of the different societies. In the underground
meeting-places those entitled to the privileges drop in for gossip, as
at a club, being sure of warmth, agreeable company, and perhaps a
smoke to while away the time. Around the fireside, also, there is a
good company, and plenty of stories, well worth the hearing, are told.
The men may go hunting or make a winter journey to the settlements or
the mountains.
As for the cold, the Hopi seem to regard it lightly. There is little
or no change in the costume, though the blanket or the rabbit-fur robe
comes in handy for a wrap. If a man has an errand out of doors he
trusts to running to keep up the circulation. After the ceremonies,
the men usually ascend, scantily clothed, from the superheated _kivas_
into the bitter air, with utter disregard for the rules of health. The
purity of the air is a saving factor; nevertheless, pulmonary diseases
are common, due to the close, badly ventilated houses more than to any
other causes.
Most visitors to Tusayan see the Hopiland at the best season, when the
cornfields are green and the cottonwoods are in full leaf, when the
desert smiles to its greatest capability and the people are well fed
and happy. The rebirth of Nature begins in April, when the thrifty
farmers cut brush and set up long wind-breaks to protect prospective
crops. The month is named for this circumstance, and like everything
else at the pueblos the time for beginning work is prescribed,
according to custom, by those in authority over the clans.
Frosts and lashing winds often destroy every green shoot in the
spring, save the native plants, which are inured to the weather, and
the people frequently have to mourn the loss of their peaches, their
only desirable fruit, for which they owe a debt to the Spanish friars
of long ago.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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