Nor with the coming of the white people did the wandering cease. There
were Seven Cities of Cibola in the subsequent stretch of time, these
seven towns were fused into the Pueblo of Zuñi and again came a
dispersal and from this great pueblo formed the small summer villages
of Nutria, Pescado, and Ojo Caliente. A human swarm built Laguna two
centuries ago to swarm again other times. Acoma is mistress of
Acomita; Isleta has a namesake on an island in the Rio Grande near El
Paso, and in Tusayan the farming pueblo of Moenkapi Hotavila and
Ushtioki in the plains in front of Walpi, are late additions. Thus, in
times of peace, these hamlets spring up, each having the possibilities
of becoming large settlements, and in times of danger they come
together to better withstand the common enemy, for the union born of
need and strengthened by the coming of wily foes was inculcated by
former experiences. But these unions were never close, even between
the clans when they forsook their small community houses and came
together forming tribes. Between tribes of the same language there
were but the faintest traces of combinations for mutual welfare.
Perhaps about the time of the landfall of Columbus a group of tribes
began to push their way into the region of the house-builders[19].
These tribes were related and had crept down from the north, where now
their kinsfolk live under the Arctic Circle. It was many years before
the Apache and Navaho were strong enough to try conclusions with the
settled peoples, but when they had gathered to themselves the lawless
from many tribes, then began terrible chapters of history which only
recently have been written to a finis. Wherever these conscienceless
savages ranged were carnage and destruction. The habits of the
house-builders changed and the ruins on high mesas and the lookouts on
every hill tell plainly how they sought defence from the scouting
enemy. The large towns in the Salinas of Manzano passed into oblivion
under the attacks of the Apache and began a mythical career as the
"Gran Quivira" of treasure hunters. Great was the devastation of
which the complete story may never be told, yet nearly every tribe
preserves legends of bloody contacts with the Navaho and Apache.
[19] The Early Navaho and Apache. F. W. Hodge, Amer.
Anthropologist, July, 1895.
Still at an early period the Navaho became changed from a fierce
warrior to a comparatively peaceful herdsman, subject to the maddening
vagaries of that most whimsical of gentle creatures, the sheep. Early
in the Spanish colonial period the Navaho preyed on the flocks of
sheep of the Rio Grande pueblos, where they had been brought by the
Conquistadores, and by that act his destiny was altered. Later on,
instead of hunting the scalps of his fellow creatures, his flint knife
became more useful in removing the wool from the backs of his charges;
he thus became famous as a blanket weaver, and soon excelled his
teachers in that peaceful art.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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