Several of the interesting ruins in Tusayan have been explored. Sikyatki, or "Yellow House," lying on the sand hills four miles east of Walpi, has yielded many strange and beautiful relics of pottery and stone, as has Awatobi, a large town on a mesa ten miles southeast of Walpi, destroyed about the year 1700 by the other villagers. Here may be traced the walls of the mission of San Bernardino de Awatobi, a large church built of blocks of adobe mixed with straw. The church stood on the mesa commanding a superb view of the lava buttes to the south and must have been in its time an imposing building. The old town of Kisakobi, near Walpi, has yielded relics in profusion of a later period than the sites mentioned, and it is here that we must look for the arts of the Hopi just before they came into the light of history. The prevalence of ruins around the Hopi mesas is in keeping with the movements of the tribes in the Pueblo region. Of the seven Hopi towns, Oraibi is the only one now on the site it occupied when the Spaniards came to Tusayan. Not long ago, according to Hopi traditionists, some clans withdrew from Tusayan and rebuilt cliff-houses in the Canyon de Chelly, where before some of the clans that finally settled in Tusayan lived for a time. Without doubt the connection between the early Hopi clans and the people who lived in the cliff-dwellings was close at a former period, and there is reason to believe that the older clans who are said to have come in from the North possessed the black-and-white pottery and the arts of the cliff-dwellers. Other clans coming from the South must have worked considerable changes in Hopi arts. While the southern clans brought yellow pottery, it remained for the great influx of peoples from the Rio Grande to introduce the artistic ware with complicated symbolic decoration that rendered the Tusayan ceramics superior to all others in northern America. INDEX Albinos, 17 Ancient life, pictures of, 257-259 Announcements of town crier, 43 Apache, 26 Astronomy, primitive, 44 Attacks of Navaho and Apache, 254 Basket dance, 159 Baskets, kinds of, 90 Basket making, 91-95 Basket, materials of, 91 Basket struggle, 161 Baskets, uses of, 93 Blessing of the fields, 37 Burial, 130, 131 Carving, joinery, painting and drawing, 87-90 Ceremonies, 132; basis of, 135, 136 Ceremonial calendar, regulation of, 148 Chakwaina, biography of, 231-233 Children, games of, 107, 108; education of, 119-122 Clan ceremonies, 135; laws, 36 Cliff dwellers, 261 Climate, 15 Cold, disregard of, 33 Communication of news, 42 Constellations named, 44 Coöperation, 37 Corn, cooking of, 66; cultivation and care of, 61, 62; diet of, 65; feast, 61; grinding, 62; meal, 64; origin myth of, 65; planting of, 60, 61 Cornfield, appearance of, 60 Cotton, use of, 83 Courtship, 122-123 Crafts, 70 Day, division of, 45